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Summary As hydrogen production with a water electrolyzer is an effective way for renewable energy consumption, understanding the external electrical characteristics of water electrolyzer is of great significance for the modeling and simulation, system configuration, and control strategy of the system for hydrogen production by renewable energy. However, there are relatively fewer studies in this area. This paper presents the establishment of an experimental platform to conduct an experimental study on the static and dynamic voltage‐current characteristics and analyze the adjustability of the electric power of the traditional alkaline water electrolyzer, the relationship between the electrical characteristics and the electrolyte temperature, and operating point of the alkaline water electrolyzer. In addition, the mathematical fitting problem of the electrical characteristics of the alkaline water electrolyzer is discussed. The work could supply a reference to alkaline water electrolyzer intergrated application in renewable energy.

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Summary The water electrolyzer is a key device in the direct energy interaction between the hydrogen production system and the fluctuation power supply. Therefore, to understand its external electrothermal characteristics and modeling, an efficient simulation method is not only theoretically significant but also of great value in engineering applications for the key techniques, such as the study of control strategy and optimum configuration of renewable energy generation. Currently, research studies on the electrothermal characteristics of the alkaline water electrolyzer (AWE) are focused mainly on the microcosmic mechanism, without sufficient emphasis on the modeling and simulation technique of the external macroscopic electrothermal characteristics. Based on relevant theories in electrochemistry and test results of the electrothermal characteristics, this paper establishes a mathematical model of the equivalent impedance characteristics, electrothermal characteristics, and power regulation characteristics of AWE. Then, a simulation model of the external electrothermal characteristics is built with Matlab/Simulink. Finally, the accuracy of the established mathematical model and the functionality of the simulation model are verified. The research can provide some reference for the modeling and simulation of the electrical characteristics of AWE.