In 1980, Erdős, Rubin and Taylor asked whether for all positive integers a, b, and m, every (a : b)-choosable graph is also (am : bm)-choosable. We provide a negative answer by exhibiting a 4-choosable graph that is not (8 : 2)-choosable.Coloring the vertices of a graph with sets of colors (that is, each vertex is assigned a fixed-size subset of the colors such that adjacent vertices are assigned disjoint sets) is a fundamental notion, which in particular captures fractional colorings. The fractional chromatic number of a graph G can indeed be defined to be the infimum (which actually is a minimum) of the ratios a/b such that, if every vertex of G is replaced by a clique of order b and every edge of G is replaced by a complete bipartite graph between the relevant cliques, then the chromatic number of the obtained graph is at most a.In their seminal work on list coloring, Erdős, Rubin and Taylor [2] raised several intriguing questions about the list version of set coloring. Before stating them, let us review the relevant definitions.
Set coloring.A function that assigns a set to each vertex of a graph is a set coloring if the sets assigned to adjacent vertices are disjoint. For positive integers a and b ≤ a, an (a : b)-coloring of a graph G is a set coloring with range {1,...,a} b , i.e., a set coloring that to each vertex of G assigns a b-element subset of {1, . . . , a}. The concept of (a : b)-coloring is a generalization of the conventional vertex coloring. In fact, an (a : 1)-coloring is exactly an ordinary proper a-coloring.A list assignment for a graph G is a function L that to each vertex v of G assigns a set L(v) of colors. A set coloring ϕ of G is an L-set coloring if ϕ(v) ⊆ L(v) for every v ∈ V (G). For a positive integer b, we say that ϕ is anFor an integer a ≥ b, we say that G is (a : b)-choosable if G is (L : b)-colorable for every list assignment L * This project falls within the scope of L.I.A. STRUCO.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.