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Objective: This study explored whether the efficacy of food safety education interventions can be increased by message framing among medical university students, and demonstrated the role of personal involvement within the message recipient in moderating framed effects. Methods: A cross-sectional study of food safety message framing was conducted among medical university students (randomly selected 1353 participants). An online self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information. Wilcoxon rank-sum test and Ordered multivariate logistic regression were utilised in the data analyses. Results: The present study showed significant differences in acceptance between the gain- and loss-framed groups (p < 0.001). Participants with higher personal involvement had higher acceptance than those with low personal involvement in gain- and loss-framed message models (p < 0.001). The acceptance of participants who were concerned about their health condition was higher than those who were neutral regarding their health condition (p < 0.001) and participants who suffered a food safety incident had higher acceptance than those who did not (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study portrayed the selection preference of message framing on food safety education among medical university students in southwest China. Participants exposed to loss-framed messages had higher message acceptance than those exposed to gain-framed messages. Personal involvement may affect the food safety message framing. Public health advocates and professionals can use framed messages as a strategy to enhance intervention efficacy in the process of food safety education.

SSVEP is a kind of BCI technology with advantage of high information transfer rate. However, due to its nature, frequencies could be used as stimuli are scarce. To solve such problem, a stimuli encoding method which encodes SSVEP signal using Frequency Shift–Keying (FSK) method is developed. In this method, each stimulus is controlled by a FSK signal which contains three different frequencies that represent “Bit 0,” “Bit 1” and “Bit 2” respectively. Different to common BFSK in digital communication, “Bit 0” and “Bit 1” composited the unique identifier of stimuli in binary bit stream form, while “Bit 2” indicates the ending of a stimuli encoding. EEG signal is acquired on channel Oz, O1, O2, Pz, P3, and P4, using ADS1299 at the sample rate of 250 SPS. Before original EEG signal is quadrature demodulated, it is detrended and then band-pass filtered using FFT-based FIR filtering to remove interference. Valid peak of the processed signal is acquired by calculating its derivative and converted into bit stream using window method. Theoretically, this coding method could implement at least 2n−1 (n is the length of bit command) stimulus while keeping the ITR the same. This method is suitable to implement stimuli on a monitor and where the frequency and phase could be used to code stimuli is limited as well as implementing portable BCI devices which is not capable of performing complex calculations.

Purpose-In this study, the authors use the term "e-quality" to refer to information quality, system quality and service quality. This study aims to focus on equality , exploring and comparing users' perceptions of digital libraries and virtual communities in the hope that the results of this study can help lead to better understanding of the exact nature of equality as perceived by users. Design/methodology/approach-A large-scale survey was conducted for data collection. Data collected from 334 users of digital libraries and virtual communities were used for data analysis. Findings-The study finds that users are likely to perceive a higher level of information quality, system quality and service quality of digital libraries than of virtual communities. Practical implications-The authors suggest that librarians do not need to have concerns over the challenge brought by virtual communities, which indeed have an increasing impact on the way a lot of people seek and gather information. Instead, they should encourage their users to use both digital libraries and virtual communities. The authors believe that the usage of these two types of information sources by users can efficiently inform each other, thus facilitating the equality of both digital libraries and virtual communities to reach excellence. Originality/value-Building on the information systems (IS) success model, this study explores and compares users' perceptions of digital libraries and virtual communities in terms of equality , which the authors think presents a new view for digital library research and practice alike.

Objective The study aims to investigate public awareness of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and measure levels of anxiety during the outbreak. Method A total of 2115 subjects from 34 provinces in China were evaluated. A questionnaire was designed, which covers demographic characteristics, knowledge of COVID-19, and factors that influenced anxiety during the outbreak to test public awareness and determine the impact of the outbreak on people's lives. In addition, a generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) scale was utilized to assess anxiety levels during the outbreak. Lastly, the chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to identify factors associated with levels of public anxiety. Results A majority of respondents reported high levels of awareness of COVID-19. A total of 1107 (52.3%), 707 (33.4%), 154 (7.3%), and 147 (7%) respondents exhibited no, mild, moderate, and severe levels of anxiety, respectively. Results of the chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that respondents (a) with no college education, (b) are unaware of neighbors who may have been infected, (c) who spent considerable time collecting information and browsing negative information related to the virus, (d) are unhealthy, and (e) displayed low levels of awareness of the transmission routes were highly likely to be anxious. Conclusion During the outbreak, the majority of people exhibited high levels of awareness and knowledge regarding preventive measures from COVID-19. The absence of psychological anxiety was observed in more than half of the respondents. Adaptive responses to anxiety and high levels of awareness about COVID-19 may have protected the public during the outbreak.