Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including a series of pathological disorders, severely affect millions of people all over the world. To address this issue, several potential therapies have been developed for treating CVDs, including injectable hydrogels as a minimally invasive method. However, the utilization of injectable hydrogel is a bit restricted recently owing to some limitations, such as transporting the therapeutic agent more accurately to the target site and prolonging their retention locally. This review focuses on the advances in injectable hydrogels for CVD, detailing the types of injectable hydrogels (natural or synthetic), especially that complexed with stem cells, cytokines, nano-chemical particles, exosomes, genetic material including DNA or RNA, etc. Moreover, we summarized the mainly prominent mechanism, based on which injectable hydrogel present excellent treating effect of cardiovascular repair. All in all, it is hopefully that injectable hydrogel-based nanocomposites would be a potential candidate through cardiac repair in CVDs treatment.

Age-related sarcopenia probably leads to chronic systemic inflammation and plays a vital role in the development of the complications of the disease. Gut microbiota, an environmental factor, is the medium of nutritional support to muscle cells, having significant impact on sarcopenia. Consequently, a significant amount of studies explored and showed the presence of gut microbiome-muscle axis (gut-muscle axis for short), which was possibly considered as the disease interventional target of age-related sarcopenia. However, a variety of nutrients probably affect the changes of the gutmuscle axis so as to affect the healthy balance of skeletal muscle. Therefore, it is necessary to study the mechanism of intestinal-muscle axis, and nutrients play a role in the treatment of senile sarcopenia through this mechanism. This review summarizes the available literature on mechanisms and specific pathways of gut-muscle axis and discusses the potential role and therapeutic feasibility of gut microbiota in age-related sarcopenia to understand the development of age-related sarcopenia and figure out the novel perspective of the potential therapeutic interventional targets.

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To date, various Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) have been prepared for biomedical applications due to their unique structural advantages. However, the safety and effectiveness of tumor treatment still need further exploration. This contribution reports a facile synthesis of PBA with superior tumor synergetic therapeutic effects and a detailed mechanistic evaluation of their intrinsic tumor metastasis inhibition activity. The assynthesized PBA has a uniform cube structure with a diameter of approximately 220 nm and shows high near-infrared light (NIR) photoreactivity, photothermal conversion efficiency (41.44%), and photodynamic effect. Additionally, PBA could lead to a chemodynamic effect, which is caused by the Fenton reaction and ferroptosis. The combined therapy strategy of PBA exhibits notable tumor ablation properties due to photothermal therapy (PTT)/photodynamic therapy (PDT)/chemodynamic therapy (CDT) effects without obvious toxicity in vivo. The PBA has also shown potential as a contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and photoacoustic (PA) imaging. More importantly, careful investigations reveal that PBA displays excellent biodegradation and antimetastasis properties. Further exploration of the PBA implies that its underlying mechanism of intrinsic tumor metastasis inhibition activity can be attributed to the modulation of epithelial−mesenchymal transition (EMT) expression. The considerable potential exhibited by the as-synthesized PBA makes it an ideal candidate as a synergetic therapeutic agent for tumor treatment.