Background: Ganoderma lucidum, a double-walled basidiospore produced by porous basidiomycete fungi, has been used as a traditional medicine for thousands of years. It is considered a valuable Chinese medicine for strengthening body resistance, invigorating the spleen, and replenishing Qi. G. lucidum contains a variety of active ingredients, such as polysaccharides, triterpenoids, nucleosides, sterols, alkaloids, polypeptides, fatty acids, steroids, and inorganic elements, and has anticancer, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotection, hypoglycemic, anti-melanogenesis, anti-aging, and skin barrier-repairing activity. Conclusions: The review summarizes the traditional usages, distribution, active constituents, structure, and biological effects of G. lucidum, with an aim to offer directions for further research and better usage of G. lucidum as a medicinal raw material.

To determine in vitro anti-aging activity and identify the active chemical constituents in Ginkgo leaf extracts. The antioxidant properties of Ginkgo biloba leaves extracts were evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) scavenging and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6 sulfonic acid radical (ABTS) scavenging assays. The inhibitory effects of extracts and chemical constituents on reactive oxygen species, matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and collagen tpye O level were tested using human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). Reverse-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy (UPLC/MS/MS) were used to quantitatively analyze flavonoids and terpene trilactones in the extraction. The established quantitative analysis method was validated according to the regulatory guidelines. The extraction and compounds kaempferol 3-D-β-D-glucopyranoside, isorhamnetin-3-D-glucoside, myricetin, ginkgolide A and bilobalide could have potential anti-aging activities of G. biloba. The results suggest that G. biloba could be used as anti-aging products and as a cosmetic and medicinal raw material.

He, Xiaoyan Gong & Fan Yi (2019) Germination period of rice beans analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatographyquadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF MS): effects of methyl jasmonate and metabolites profile,

(Dnline) 2 Materials and methods 2.1 Chemicals and regents Rice beans (V. umbellate) were purchased from the local market (Beijing, China). DPPH and Folin-Ciocalteu reagent were obtained from Biodee Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). MeJA and gallic acid (GAE) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MD, U.S.A.). HPLC-grade methanol was purchased from Merck (Germany). Ultra-pure water (18.2 MΩ) was prepared with a Milli-Q water purification system (Millipore,