It was implied that RTW intervention should be focused on a specific skill reconstruction and training which was presumably related with labor market needs. However, tailored psychological counseling and disability adjustment activity should not be ignored in RTW.

The RTW interventions carried out by the case managers appeared to be effective within the Chinese system. The results suggested that professional training of case managers, RTW-related policies and technological standards, early integrated interventions should be further developed in China. Disability Adjustment Group Therapy and RTW Support Groups perhaps are useful approaches in workers' returning to work.

The future workers' insurance and compensation system can probably put more emphasis on using bio-psychosocial and work disability prevention models in guiding its service development and delivery. Efforts need to be placed on building the competence of professionals in the system who provide services for injured workers. The empowerment of important stakeholders in the workers' insurance and compensation system and their inclusion in the planning of service delivery are crucial for developing a sustainable and effective system for China.