BACKGROUND: Urea is commonly over-applied as a nitrogen (N) fertilizer to crops in southern China and has a low utilization efficiency as a result of the high precipitation and high temperatures in this region. This has led to a need to optimize the management of N fertilizer use in maize crops on the subtropical hilly uplands of southern China. 0-30%, the NH 3 loss was significantly reduced by 12.7-36.1%. CONCLUSION:The findings of the present study suggest that the use of PCU could allow a reduction in the application of N of 20-30% compared to traditional agricultural practices in this area with the same yield of maize, although with significantly decreased NH 3 and N 2 O losses and the increased utilization of N.

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