Plantulas de tomate.Foto: Álvarez-Herrera.Comportamiento poscosecha de frutos de ciruela (Prunus salicina Lindl.) en cuatro estados de madurez tratados con etileno Effect of ethylene on postharvest behavior of plum fruits (Prunus salicina Lindl.) at four stages of maturity Estados de madurez en ciruela 'Horvin'. Foto: X. Rozo-Romero RESUMENLa aplicación de etileno en frutos es comúnmente utilizada para uniformizar el color y acelerar la maduración, de esta manera se puede mejorar la apariencia y las características organolépticas. Por lo anterior, se trataron frutos de ciruela variedad Horvin recolectados en cuatro estados de madurez (2, 3, 4 y 5), con etileno comercialmente conocido como Ethrel en dosis de 100 μL L -1 . Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar con cuatro tratamientos (correspondientes a los estados de madurez) cada uno con 4 repeticiones, para un total de 16 unidades experimentales compuestas cada una por 400 g de frutos aproximadamente. Cada tres días se midió el color, pérdida de peso, tasa respiratoria, firmeza, pH, acidez total titulable (ATT) y sólidos solubles totales (SST). Se realizaron mediciones hasta que los frutos perdieron calidad organoléptica. En las variables pérdida de peso, firmeza, SST, ATT y pH no hubo diferencia significativa en la mayoría de los puntos de muestreo. En cuanto al color hubo diferencias estadísticas. La tasa de respiración y la relación de madurez al final de las mediciones presentaron diferencias significativas, obteniendo los mayores valores en el estado de madurez 5 y los menores valores en los estados 3 y 2 respectivamente. Por lo tanto, el uso de etileno en frutos de ciruela es benéfico ya que favorece el cambio de color y aumenta la relación de madurez, por lo que garantiza en almacenamiento uniformidad entre estados de madurez.Palabras clave adicionales: intensidad respiratoria, firmeza, color, sólidos solubles totales.
Plums are classified as a climacteric fruit with a high respiration rate between the end of their development and the start of the ripening process, thus making it necessary to apply techniques to preserve the organoleptic characteristics required for the product to have good market acceptance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of harvest maturity (states 2, 3, 4, and 5) and storage temperature (2, 4, and 18 °C) on the organoleptic and physicochemical quality and postharvest storage duration of ‘Horvin’ plums. The experimental design was completely randomized with a 4 x 3 factorial arrangement. The first factor corresponded to the stage of maturity, and the second one to refrigeration temperatures, for a total of 12 treatments. Every three or four days, fruit peel color, accumulated mass loss, respiratory intensity, firmness, pH, total titratable acidity, and total soluble solids were measured every during storage. Measurements were taken until the fruits lost their organoleptic quality. For most of the measured variables, the fruits stored at 2 °C and harvested in maturity stage 5 maintained the best postharvest quality during storage. The fruits without refrigeration only reached 10 days, while the fruits stored at 4 °C and 2 °C maintained quality of consumption for 24 and 31 days, respectively. Maturity stage 5 presented the highest values of accumulated mass loss, pH, total soluble solids, color index, maturity index, and respiratory intensity.
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