167Obesity, coronary heart disease risk factors and diabetes in Chinese: an approach to the criteria of obesity in the Chinese population for the Chinese and what the relationship is between weight gain and the development of CHD or Type 2 diabetes risk in the Chinese population. It is this issue on which we focus in the present analysis.The studies used for the present analyses relate to cross-sectional data obtained in 1990 on 2856 subjects (25-70 years of age) taken as part of a survey on the prevalence of essential hypertension. It is this study that is used for assessing the clustering of CHD risk factors. These risk factors were (1) hypertension (HP); (2) hypertriglyceridaemia (HTG); (3) low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol obesity reviews SummaryThe aim of this work was to study the relationship between excess body weight and the risks of hypertension and diabetes in the population of northeastern China. Subsections of a cross-sectional survey in Da Qing City were used to assess the relationship of excess weight to risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD). A 6-year prospective study also assessed the probability of developing Type 2 diabetes. A total of 2856 adults (25-70 years of age) were assessed cross-sectionally and 629 non-diabetic subjects of similar age were followed-up for 6 years. Blood pressure, plasma fasting glucose, triglycerides, high-density lipoporotein (HDL) cholesterol and fibrinogen levels were measured as well as weight, height and waist and hip circumferences. About 45% of adults had a body mass index (BMI) of ≥25.0. Risk factors increased with increasing BMI from a baseline value of 21.0: at a BMI of 23.0-24.9, the risk of hypertension and hypertriglyceridaemia doubled; the risk increased threefold at a BMI of 25.0-26.9. The prevalence of Type 2 diabetes increased progressively in women within the normal BMI range and in men from a BMI of 25.0. Type 2 diabetes was four times as common if the BMI was >27.0. Increasing waist measurements predicted 10-fold increases in hypertension and a three-to-five times increased risk of diabetes. Suitable waist cut-off points were 85 cm for men and 80 cm for women, with statistical analysis showing waist as the more dominant predictor of risk than age, waist-to-hip ratios or BMIs. Hence, small increases in BMI, and particularly in waist circumference, predict a substantial increase in the risk of diabetes and risk for CHD, especially hypertension, in Chinese adults.

As is well-known, risk allocation played a key role in the process of risk management of PPP municipal infrastructure projects. In China, thousands of PPP projects are initiated by all levels of local governments. However, it is not known whether the risk allocation plan came true in contract. How to identify risk factors, methods of risk allocation and risk response measures were payed attention by current researchers in PPP risk area. But there were few students focusing the question about contract realization of risk allocation plan, especially in Chinese municipal infrastructure projects. Based on case study method, this paper proposed that most of the risks which allocated in execute plan are actually implemented in the contract, but not all. This research can militate positive impacts for the risk allocation and contract signing process, so as to enhance the effect of risk allocation and improve the value for money of Chinese PPP municipal infrastructure projects.

With the implementation of One Belt And One Road plan in 2013, Chinese enterprises have gradually increased their investment in transnational PPP infrastructure projects. Due to the difficulty of transnational investment and asymmetric information, the engineering risk factors of transnational PPP infrastructure project investment deserve everyone’s attention. Based on the literature review, this paper identifies the engineering risk factors of current transnational PPP infrastructure projects. Meanwhile, according to the experience of domestic PPP projects allocation and the experience of enterprise interviews, it comes to the engineering risk management focus of Chinese enterprises when they invest in transnational PPP infrastructure projects.

Since impacts of rail transit on urban industries and space most obviously appear in metro station areas, correlations between the spatial distribution of producer services and urban built environment in metro station areas are studied in Xi’an, China. At first, the scope determining methods of a metro station area were separately proposed for both single-line station and multiline transfer station based on their construction and transportation modes. Then, when the producer services were divided into 6 categories of business, POI numbers of enterprises of each category in metro station areas were collected and weighted to calculate the distribution intensity for categories. Finally, on condition that the urban built environment of a metro station area included job and residence space, outdoor activity space, and municipal road space, correlation performances between the distribution intensity of categories and indexes representing 3 space elements of the built environment were calculated through second-order partial correlation analysis, while the corresponding mechanisms of correlations were explained too. The main conclusions of this paper indicate that there are significant positive correlations between the distribution intensity and the diversity index of job and residence space for most categories, whereas significant negative correlations between it and the openness index of outdoor activity space for most categories. Moreover, positive but weak correlations were appeared between the distribution intensity and the street network density index of municipal road space only for categories of intermediary consulting and leasing.

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