Neurotoxicity of local anesthetics is often reported in the clinic, more and more people pay attention to them. CaMKIIb, a subtype of CaMKII, is detected in the central nervous system. Previous study found that CaMKIIb mRNA are up-regulated in DRG neurons treated with ropivacaine hydrochloride, as well as inhibition of Cav3.2 and Cav3.3 expression can improve the local anesthetics neurotoxicity. In this study, we observed the effect of CaMKIIb on neurotoxicity injury induced by ropivacaine hydrochloride with DRG cell in vitro. We first constructed the pAd-shRNA-CaMKIIb-DRG to inhibit CaMKIIb mRNA expression and detected the cell viability, cell apoptosis rate, CaMKIIb, Cav3.2 and Cav3.3 expression. The results showed that ropivacaine hydrochloride caused the DRG cell injury with cell viability decreased and cell apoptosis rate increased, CaMKIIb, Cav3.2 and Cav3.3 expression up-regulated. Interestingly, inhibition of CaMKIIb expression protected the DRG cell from the neurotoxicity injury induced by ropivacaine hydrochloride, increased the cell viability and decreased the apoptosis rate, as well as inhibition of CaMKIIb expression down-regulated Cav3.2 and Cav3.3 expression. In other words, CaMKIIb is involved with the DRG injury induced by ropivacaine hydrochloride. Inhibition CaMKIIb expression improved DRG injury, increased the cell viability and decreased cell apoptosis rate.

BACKGROUNDFascia iliaca compartment block is a technique that blocks three nerves, similar to a 3-in-1 nerve block. This block provides analgesia for patients undergoing lower limb surgery, and is a simple technique that is easy to implement. Here, we report a case of fascia iliaca compartment block in a patient with myocardial infarction who underwent emergency middle thigh amputation.CASE SUMMARYA 78-year-old female patient weighing 38 kg with gangrene and occlusive peripheral atherosclerosis of the right leg underwent an emergency middle thigh amputation. The patient had a history of hypertension, coronary heart disease, cerebral infarction, anterior wall myocardial infarction, and had recently undergone percutaneous coronary intervention consisting of coronary angiography and right coronary artery stent implantation. Considering the patient's condition, an ultrasound-guided fascia iliaca compartment block combined with general anesthesia was implemented for amputation. The fascia iliaca compartment block provided analgesia for the operation, and reduced the dosage of general anesthetics. It also alleviated adverse cardiovascular effects caused by pain stress, and ensured the safety of the patient during the perioperative period. This block also provided postoperative analgesia. The patient had a good prognosis, and was subsequently discharged from hospital.CONCLUSIONFascia iliaca compartment block provides surgical analgesia. It also alleviates adverse cardiovascular effects, and ensures patient safety during the perioperative period.

No abstract

The global environment has been changing rapidly since the 21st century, and the harmonious coexistence between human beings and nature has been seriously challenged, and the green transformation of highly polluting enterprises has become a requirement of the times. Based on monthly corporate bond data and annual corporate financial data from January 2009 to December 2019 in China, this paper constructs a triple difference model to test the impact of carbon trading system on corporate bond credit spreads. The results show that, first, the carbon trading system has a reducing effect on the credit spreads of bonds of highly polluting companies in the carbon trading pilot region, and the implementation of the carbon trading system can promote bond financing in the green transformation process of highly polluting companies. Second, there is heterogeneity in the impact of the carbon trading system on the credit spreads of bonds of high-polluting firms, with private firms, small-scale firms and emerging firms having a greater reduction in corporate bond credit spreads than state-owned firms, large-scale firms and senior firms. Third, the carbon trading system exposes high-polluting firms to the risk of bankruptcy in the "carbon trading market" due to high operating costs and small net profits, thus incentivizing high-polluting firms to raise bonds in the "investment and financing market" to promote their green transformation.