Background: Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is an important factor of causing leg pain and numbness. As a secondary discipline of Traditional Chinese Medicine, tuina is widely used for the treatment of LDH in China even in other nations while its clinical value is not acknowledged universally. So, we focus on this article aims to evaluate its efficacy and safety of LDH. Methods: Electronic databases involving Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, China Science and Technology Journal, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database will be pertained with appropriate search strategy. And RevMan V.5.3.5 software will be conducted as the assessment tool for bias risk, data synthesis, subgroup analysis as well as meta-analyses. Results: This systematic review will provide a high-quality synthesis of current evidence of tuina for LDH. Conclusion: This protocol will determine whether Tuina is an effective and safe treatment method for LDH.

Abstract:The problem of fault detection for a class of nonlinear impulsive switched systems is investigated in this paper. Fault detection filters are designed such that the augmented systems are stable, and the residual error signal generated by the filters guarantees the H∞ performance for disturbances and faults. Sufficient conditions for the design of fault detection (FD) filters are presented by linear matrix inequalities. Moreover, the filter gains are characterized according to a solution of a convex optimization. Finally, an example derived from a pulse-width-modulation-driven boost converter is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the FD design approach.

This paper considers the problem of robust filter design for switched linear parameter-varying systems. Robust filters are designed such that the estimation error between the output of filters and the output of switched systems is minimized for some disturbances and time-varying parameters.Then, H ∞ performance analysis condition for such problem is presented. By the aid of the parameter-dependent multiple Lyapunov functions method, a procedure of filter design is given in the framework of linear matrix inequality, furthermore, the filter gains are characterized in terms of a solution of a convex optimization problem. Finally, an example is given to illustrated the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Z-scheme photocatalytic suspension reactors with aqueous redox shuttles present a promising pathway for safe and low cost solar water splitting to produce hydrogen. Soluble redox shuttles act as electron relays between light absorbing particles present in the two compartments. In recent work we have demonstrated a theoretical pathway to attain up to 4% solar-to-hydrogen efficiency with passive diffusion driven species transport [1]. However, to attain larger solar-to-hydrogen efficiencies it is crucial to enhance the rate of species transport between the two reaction compartments. We report on computational and experimental investigations to explore the effects of natural convection on species transport in Z-scheme photocatalytic systems. A transient, two-dimensional fluid flow, heat- and mass-transfer model was developed for a two-compartment system with a porous separator; horizontal and vertical reactor arrangements were considered. Volumetric absorption of visible and infrared components of incident sunlight by the suspension was modeled. Transient species concentration profiles were obtained as a function of the operating solar-to-hydrogen efficiencies, porous separator morphology and the size of the compartments. Model results predict enhanced rates of transport of redox shuttle species between two compartments in the presence of thermal convection in addition to diffusion. At 10% solar-to-hydrogen efficiency, minimum redox shuttle concentration with convection decreases by 80% as compared to passive diffusion alone for a vertically stacked reaction compartment with 2 cm height. Experimental measurements have been also performed on two-compartment prototypes (horizontal and vertical) to probe the effects of natural convection on species mixing. The source of illumination was a xenon-lamp solar simulator (Newport 94023A) with an AM1.5G filter and calibrated such that the incident illumination power at the top of the reactor was 1 sun (1000 W/m2). The reactor was assembled by connecting two polycarbonate tubes (5 cm x 5 cm) with a height of 5 cm and placing a thin separator (Nafion 117 and regenerated cellulose) between the tubes to separate the compartments. A base was 3D-printed and painted black to secure the bottom compartment and maximize absorption of the incident illumination and promote natural convection. Thermocouples (K-type) were placed at various heights within the two compartments to track local temperatures within the fluid, including along the bottom surface of the lower compartment. Over a 3-hour period of 1 sun irradiance, the temperatures were recorded, and a favorable temperature gradient for natural convection was observed (ΔT ~ 2 °C) for vertically-stacked reaction compartments. The flow behavior was visualized through the injection of a colored dye at the bottom surface of the reactor and above the membrane after the 3-hour period. Image processing of the convection video is used to help quantify the rate of mixing within the compartments. Model predictions for flow behavior and temperature profiles were compared to and validated against experimental measurements. Collectively, this study implements a unique approach to predict and evaluate the effect of natural convection on species transport in Z-scheme photocatalytic reactors. [1] Bala Chandran, R., Breen, S., Shao, Y., Ardo, S., & Weber, A. Z. (2018). Evaluating particle-suspension reactor designs for Z-scheme solar water splitting via transport and kinetic modeling. Energy and Environmental Science, 11(1), 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ee01360d Figure 1

We report the temperature dependence of the spin pumping effect for Y3Fe5O12 (YIG, 0.9 μm)/NiO (t NiO nm)/W (6 nm) (t NiO = 0, 1, 2, 10 nm) heterostructures. All samples exhibit a strong temperature-dependent the inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE) signal I c and sensitivity to the NiO layer thickness. We observe a dramatic decrease of I c with inserting thin NiO layer between YIG and W layers indicating that the inserting NiO layer significantly suppresses the spin transport from YIG to W. In contrast to noticeable enhancement in YIG/NiO (t NiO ≈ 1-2 nm)/Pt, the suppression of spin transport may be closely related to the specific interface-dependent spin scattering, spin memory loss, and spin conductance at the NiO/W interface. Besides, the I c of YIG/NiO/W exhibits a maximum near the T N of the AF NiO layer, which is due to the spins are transported dominantly by incoherent thermal magnons.