Automated annotation of protein function is challenging. As the number of sequenced genomes rapidly grows, the overwhelming majority of protein products can only be annotated computationally. If computational predictions are to be relied upon, it is crucial that the accuracy of these methods be high. Here we report the results from the first large-scale community-based Critical Assessment of protein Function Annotation (CAFA) experiment. Fifty-four methods representing the state-of-the-art for protein function prediction were evaluated on a target set of 866 proteins from eleven organisms. Two findings stand out: (i) today’s best protein function prediction algorithms significantly outperformed widely-used first-generation methods, with large gains on all types of targets; and (ii) although the top methods perform well enough to guide experiments, there is significant need for improvement of currently available tools.
M. tuberculosis population within patients exhibited considerable genetic diversity, which underwent selections for most fit resistant mutant. These findings have important implications and emphasize the need for early diagnosis of tuberculosis to decrease the chance of evolving highly fit drug-resistant strains.
The identity and degree of heterogeneity of glial progenitors and their contributions to brain tumor malignancy remain elusive. By applying lineage-targeted single-cell transcriptomics, we uncover an unanticipated diversity of glial progenitor pools with unique molecular identities in developing brain. Our analysis identifies distinct transitional intermediate states and their divergent developmental trajectories in astroglial and oligodendroglial lineages. Moreover, intersectional analysis uncovers analogous intermediate progenitors during brain tumorigenesis, wherein oligodendrocyte-progenitor intermediates are abundant, hyper-proliferative, and progressively reprogrammed toward a stemlike state susceptible to further malignant transformation. Similar actively cycling intermediate progenitors are prominent components in human gliomas with distinct driver mutations. We further unveil lineage-driving networks underlying glial fate specification and identify Zfp36l1 as necessary for oligodendrocyte-astrocyte lineage transition and glioma growth. Together, our results resolve the dynamic repertoire of common and divergent glial progenitors during development and tumorigenesis and highlight Zfp36l1 as a molecular nexus for balancing glial cell-fate decision and controlling gliomagenesis. (A) Immunolabeling for GFAP and GS in the cortex of P5 hGFAP-GFP mice. (B) The percentage of indicated cells among hGFAP-GFP+ cells in P5 mouse cortices (n = 4 for GFAP; n = 3 for GS and PDGFRa). (C) Immunolabeling for GFAP, Olig2, and Slc1a3 from P5 hGFAP-GFP mice. (D) Zoom on boxed area in (C). (E) The percentage of Olig2+ and Olig2À cells among hGFAP-GFP+GFAP+ (left) or hGFAP-GFP+Slc1a3+ (right) cells in P5 mouse cortices (n = 3). (F) Immunolabeling of Blbp in the cortices from hGFAP-GFP mice at P3. (G) Expression of PDGFRa in the cortices of P5 hGFAP-GFP mice. (H) Immunolabeling for Ppp1r14b and Olig2 in the cortices of hGFAP-GFP mice at P3. (I) Immunolabeling for Olig2 and Ki67 from P5 hGFAP-GFP mice. (J) (Left) Enlarged images of (I) show cells co-labeled with Ki67 (arrows) and cells without Ki67 (arrowheads). (Right) Percentage of Olig2+ and Olig2À cells among Ki67+ hGFAP-GFP+ double-positive cells is shown (>300 cell counts from 3 cortices).
Fog collection is receiving increasing attention for providing water in semi-arid deserts and inland areas. Inspired by the fog harvesting ability of the hydrophobic-hydrophilic surface of Namib desert beetles, we present a simple, low-cost method to prepare a hybrid superhydrophobic-hydrophilic surface. The surface contains micro/nanopatterns, and is prepared by incorporating femtosecond-laser fabricated polytetrafluoroethylene nanoparticles deposited on superhydrophobic copper mesh with a pristine hydrophilic copper sheet. The as-prepared surface exhibits enhanced fog collection efficiency compared with uniform (super)hydrophobic or (super)hydrophilic surfaces. This enhancement can be tuned by controlling the mesh number, inclination angle, and fabrication structure. Moreover, the surface shows excellent anti-corrosion ability after immersing in 1 M HCl, 1 M NaOH, and 10 wt% NaCl solutions for 2 hours. This work may provide insight into fabricating hybrid superhydrophobic-hydrophilic surfaces for efficient atmospheric water collection.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.