Bimetallic chemistry and structural arrangements are effective ways to improve catalytic activity. The Fe–Zn bimetallic catalysts were prepared by urea addition, and their effects on the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) reactivity of dibenzothiophene were investigated. It indicated that the addition of urea changed the bimetallic distribution, resulting in a significant increase in the Fe/Zn atomic ratio on the catalyst surface, which not only promoted the electron donating ability of Zn to Fe but also weakened the interaction between the metal and support. As a result, the sulfidation degree and the FeZnS active phase content in the urea-modified catalyst increased through bimetallic migration and rearrangement during the activation process. This resulted in an enhanced HDS activity by up to 50%, and the rate constant k HDS increased by 3.15 times versus the urea-free catalyst at 613 K. Moreover, it shows that the urea-modified Fe–Zn bimetallic catalysts enhanced the hydrogenation pathway significantly.

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Anomalous origin of the left pulmonary artery from the descending aorta is an extremely rare congenital malformation. There were merely four case reports of such malformation in previous literature, and all four cases underwent surgical repair in their first year of life. Actually, long-term pulmonary arterial hypertension and irreversible pulmonary vascular changes make anesthesia management quite a challenge, while anesthesia for managing these cases has not been discussed before. We present a 15-year-old boy undergoing corrective surgery and try to provide some tips on anesthesia management for this surgical procedure. Through optimal perioperative management, successful outcomes can be achieved for this malformation.

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