No abstract

In the pork fat content detection task, traditional physical or chemical methods are strongly destructive, have substantial technical requirements and cannot achieve nondestructive detection without slaughtering. To solve these problems, we propose a novel, convenient and economical method for detecting the fat content of pig B-ultrasound images based on hybrid attention and multiscale fusion learning, which extracts and fuses shallow detail information and deep semantic information at multiple scales. First, a deep learning network is constructed to learn the salient features of fat images through a hybrid attention mechanism. Then, the information describing pork fat is extracted at multiple scales, and the detailed information expressed in the shallow layer and the semantic information expressed in the deep layer are fused later. Finally, a deep convolution network is used to predict the fat content compared with the real label. The experimental results show that the determination coefficient is greater than 0.95 on the 130 groups of pork B-ultrasound image data sets, which is 2.90, 6.10 and 5.13 percentage points higher than that of VGGNet, ResNet and DenseNet, respectively. It indicats that the model could effectively identify the B-ultrasound image of pigs and predict the fat content with high accuracy.

A chitosan-based edible coating was prepared by incorporating γ-polyglutamic acid and curcumin. The physical, mechanical and antimicrobial properties of the chitosan/γ-polyglutamic acid/curcumin edible coating were characterized. Furthermore, the effect of chitosan/γ-polyglutamic acid/curcumin edible coating on the shelf-life of fresh beef was investigated. The γ-polyglutamic acid and curcumin incorporation greatly improved the performance of chitosan coating, including coating formation and antimicrobial activity. After the application of coating, the chitosan/γ-polyglutamic acid/curcumin edible coating had a good protection effect on the color of beef and was conducive to prolonging the shelf life of beef with good quality compared to pure curcumin edible coating. These results revealed that application of chitosan/γ-polyglutamic acid/ curcumin edible coating will be a good way to preserve freshness of fresh beef.

Farmland water conservancy governance is important for food security and the stability of rural societies. Based on the questionnaire survey data of farmers in the well-irrigated area of Hebei Province, this study evaluated the impact of small farmland water conservancy selfgovernance on governance performance through the ordered Probit model, and used the threshold effect model to obtain the threshold value of the user scale and analyzed the moderating effect of land fragmentation on small farmland water conservancy governance performance. The research found that: (1) The self-governance mode of small farmland water conservancy in the studied wellirrigated area resulted in poor facility maintenance level. There is no significant difference in water disputes among farmers under different governance methods. (2) In the influence of selfgovernance on the maintenance level of facilities, the scale of users has a threshold effect. The threshold for the number of water-using farmers in the study area is nine households; when the number of water-using farming households is higher than the threshold, self-governance leads to poor facility maintenance. (3) Land fragmentation has a moderating effect on self-governance performance. The higher degree of land fragmentation, the worse governance performance of selfgovernance mode in facility maintenance. Based on the above results, it is recommended that village grassroots organizations should be the main body of responsibility, and there is a need to improve the self-governance mode of small farmland water conservancy in well-irrigated areas by formulating unified maintenance measures and a progressive reward and punishment system. By guiding cooperative operation, optimizing the distribution of motor-driven wells, and reducing the degree of land fragmentation, the government can help to achieve a reasonable scale of irrigation and effective and autonomous governance of water conservancy in small-holder farmland areas.