Forest product trade plays an important role in the development of the Chinese forest industry. The trading value of forest product has shown a yearly growth rate of 12% during the last five recent years. Stringent environmental regulations in China have a profound impact on raw material supplies and industrial production in the forest sector; however, their impact on the forest product trade is still unclear. This study applies fixed and random effects models as well as a seemingly unrelated regression model to investigate the impact of environmental regulations on the trade of forest product from 2002 to 2015. The results indicate that the stringent environmental regulations promoted the import but restricted the export of forest product in general. Specifically, the stringent environmental regulations stimulated the import but had an ambiguous impact on the export of the paper product. The stringent environmental regulations had also stimulated the import of wood product but inhibited the export. In contrast, wooden furniture had been affected minimally; only export got slightly negatively affected by environmental regulations. Recommendations for resource managers: Trade‐offs between economic growth and environmental regulations are needed to smoothly promote the forest product trade in China. Paper and wooden furniture product sectors are less likely to be affected by stringent environmental regulations, because high value‐added products could compensate for environmental costs. The wood product sector is more likely to be negatively affected by stringent environmental regulations because environmental costs could severely impact the competitiveness of low value‐added products.

No abstract

YQ450NQR1 high-strength weathering steel is prone to cracking. The cracking patterns and morphology were detected by metallographic and scanning electron microscopies. The decarburized layer around the cracks is indicative of their origination in the continuous casting bloom. Then, the controlling factors were established by analyzing the carbon content of molten steel, residual elements in the alloy, purity and performance of the mold powder, and secondary cooling water flow of the mold. Results show that the process optimization reduced the cracking reject ratio from 3.5 to 0.78%.

The brittleness of tungsten (W) is a key factor that affects the preparation and application of high-performance tungsten alloys. Tantalum (Ta), which can form a complete solid solution with tungsten, was expected to improve its dislocation mobility and toughness. In the W-10 wt-%Ta alloys prepared by spark plasma sintering, the amount of Ta solid dissolved in tungsten increased gradually upon increasing the sintering temperature. The compressive strength of W-10 wt-%Ta alloys first increased and then decreased by increasing the sintering temperature. The solid solution of tantalum constructed a large number of defects and edge dislocations in the tungsten structure. This result is surprising because plastic flows are generally controlled by screw dislocations in Body-Centered Cubic (BCC) metals and dilute alloys.