Abstract Recent years, it is a highly debated topic that whether methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism and A1298C polymorphism could increase susceptibility to venous thromboembolism (VTE) in the Asian and Caucasian. Therefore, we expect to settle that controversy evidentially. Basic methods: Electronic databases (Pubmed, embase, Cochrane library, scopus, OvidSP, Wiley Online library, Springer link, EBSCO, Elsevier Science Direct, Google scholar) without date limitation were searched. Crude odds ratio (OR) along with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was calculated to assess the association quantitatively. Finally, a total of 37 eligible studies were included, containing 31 for MTHFR C677T polymorphism and 6 for MTHFR A1298C polymorphism. The pooled results suggested that MTHFR C677T mutation may increase susceptibility to VTE in reverse recessive model (CC+CT vs TT): OR = 0.68 (0.56, 0.83), reverse dominant model (CC vs CT +TT): OR = 0.82 (0.72, 0.94), heterozygote model (CT vs TT): OR = 0.65 (0.52, 0.81), homozygote model (CC vs TT): OR = 0.73 (0.60, 0.89) and allele model (C vs T): OR = 0.80 (0.71, 0.90). Subgroup analysis about Asian also support that results, but Caucasian group not. In addition, MTHFR A1298C polymorphism may be not related to VTE in all genetic model. The results of meta-analysis indicated that MTHFR C677T polymorphism might increase the risk of VTE, especially in Asian population.

Purpose The implementation of the national education and lifelong education should break through the traditional learning mode in the digital era. A seamless learning environment is the intelligent form of deep integration of digital learning environment and physical learning environment. The development and construction of seamless learning space and platform is a new trend of international mobile learning research and practice. So, the purpose of this paper is to build a seamless learning platform of the open education system by expanding and improving the connotation and extension of seamless learning, based on the theories of mobile learning, ubiquitous learning and open education, combining with the characteristics of the big data era. Design/methodology/approach A seamless learning platform model will be constructed through constructing five modules including resource integration module, requirement module, management module, teacher integration module, and carrier module, using interdisciplinary research methods (combined with economics), functional analysis, model methods and exploratory research methods. Finally, this paper attempts to realize the application of a seamless learning platform in open education through the strategic path of public-private partnership (PPP). Findings Seamless learning platform model given by this paper can effectively eliminate the problem of information asymmetry between learner-demander and educational manager through the effective management of carrier fusion module. Furthermore, it can effectively integrate the learning resources and teachers of the open education system and social individual education system, and provide high-quality shared learning resources and diverse stratification teachers to students and social workers through PPP project cooperation ways. Originality/value There are many papers on the study of open education and resource construction. However, few papers have studied how to effectively integrate and optimize various existing scattered online resources, including various system courses, teachers and platform systems. The paper provides an effective way to solve the above sub-problems and the realization path/model reference for the effective and accurate promotion of lifelong sustainable learning for all.

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The stability of biochar in soil was an important property influencing biochar environmental effects, most studies attributed biochar stability to its intrinsic molecular structure, but few realized that biochar stability mainly depended on soil environmental factors. In this study, biochar was applied into five soils with distinct properties, and CO2 release was detected during a 28‐days incubation, double‐exponential model was used to fit CO2 cumulative release. Correlation analysis between basic properties of five soils and parameters of double‐exponential model was conducted to screen out crucial soil factors affecting biochar stability. Argi‐Udic Ferrosols soil, showing best performance among five soils on protecting biochar stability, was selected to simulate paddy‐upland rotation, exploring the influence of abrupt increase of soil moisture on biochar stability. Results showed that CO2 release from biochar had negative correlation with clay and Fe content of soil (correlation coefficient was −0.68 ~ −0.61 and −0.60 ~ −0.26), whereas had positive correlation with pH and Ca content of soil (correlation coefficient was 0.29 ~ 0.69 and 0.74 ~ 0.91). Abrupt increase of moisture resulted in labile‐C loss from biochar increased by 1.4 times. It implied that biochar stability was an ecological property, and acid soil, rich in clay and Fe contents and less in Ca content, was more favorable to maintain biochar stability. Results in this study were helpful to understand environmental chemistry behavior of biochar and better perform its soil environmental effects.