This study investigates the cerebral hemodynamic changes during a routine sleep-deprived video-electroencephalogram (SD-VEEG) in healthy children. Forty-two children with normal intelligence were examined. The children were 5-14 years of age, and their electroencephalograms (EEGs) were within the normal range. Each subject was deprived of a routine night's sleep and then examined during non-drug-induced sleep in the daytime. The awake and sleep stages were evaluated using EEGs, according to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Stable transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) tracings through real-time TCD-VEEG monitoring were recorded. The mean systolic cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV), diastolic CBFV, pulsatility index and resistance index of each artery were analyzed for 30 s per stage. A multivariate analysis of variance was conducted to compare the hemodynamic parameters for the awake stage versus light sleep and deep sleep stages. Non-rapid eye movement sleep was associated with an increased CBFV in the middle (164.38  ±  27.28) and anterior cerebral artery (131.81  ±  21.55) during light sleep (stages N1 and N2) (P  =  0.0001), a reduced systolic CBFV in all vascular arteries (LMCA, 138.73  ±  20.64; LACA, 108.33  ±  22.33; LPCA, 83.9  ±  18.6) during deep sleep (stage N3) compared with light sleep (P  = 0.0001), and a sustained increased PI (LMCA, 0.92  ±  0.13; LACA, 0.964  ±  0.18) during deep sleep (P< 0.05). These findings indicate distinct cerebral hemodynamic alterations during SD-VEEG in children. This study utilized real-time TCD-VEEG monitoring during SD-EEG to further investigate neurovascular coupling in interictal epileptic discharges and understand its potential influence on cognition in the developing brain.

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Aims . To investigate ictal cerebral haemodynamic characteristics during spontaneous typical absence seizures (TAS) and hyperventilation‐evoked absence seizures in paediatric patients, relative to brief complex partial seizures (BCPS). Methods . All children diagnosed with seizures using real‐time transcranial doppler ultrasonography (TCD) and sleep‐deprived video‐EEG (vEEG) from 2015 to 2017 in our hospital were included. The seizures were diagnosed based on the video and EEG findings. Mean cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV m ) of the unilateral middle cerebral artery was measured using TCD. TCD and vEEG data were integrated for a synchronous assessment of CBFV m changes and epileptic status. Baseline and peak CBFV m for TAS and BCPS were compared by T‐test. Results . Six children (two boys and four girls) with TAS and two girls with BCPS were enrolled. A total of 15 spontaneous TAS, 14 hyperventilation‐evoked absence seizures, and six BCPS were recorded using real‐time TCD‐vEEG monitoring. During spontaneous TAS, whether awake or asleep, the CBFV m decreased by 20–40% compared to baseline. During hyperventilation‐evoked absence seizures and BCPS, the CBFV m increased by 50–150% and 20–30% over baseline levels, respectively. Conclusions . The haemodynamic characteristics during TAS and BCPS are distinct, and thus our results may provide a new method to diagnose typical absence seizures using dynamic CBFV m curves. Ictal cerebral haemodynamic characteristics during spontaneous typical absence seizures and hyperventilation‐evoked absence seizures may reflect different pathophysiological mechanisms and networks compared with BCPS.