No abstract

Resale platforms such as Swappa and ThredUP, which provide a channel for product‐holders to sell used products, have become common. Interestingly, in the presence of resale platforms, some firms, such as Apple, set lower rebates for the trade‐in‐for‐upgrade (TU) mode instead of implementing the trade‐in‐for‐upgrade‐and‐cash (TUC) mode as Huawei does. In this paper, we build game‐theoretical models to explore how a firm should adjust its trade‐in strategy (e.g., choose pricing and mode selection between TU and TUC) in reaction to the emergence of third‐party resale platforms. We derive several insights. First, we find that using the TU mode helps to encourage consumer repurchases, whereas the TUC mode may have a greater promotion effect on consumers’ first purchases. Second, we show that in the TUC mode, the amount of the trade‐in rebate is not affected by the presence of the resale platform. Differently, in the TU mode, whether the firm should provide a more generous trade‐in rebate depends on the unit product cost when the resale platform is present. Third, in response to the resale platform, the firm should choose the TU mode to take advantage of the platform's promotion effect if the unit product cost is high and choose the TUC mode to avoid the platform's cannibalization effect if the unit product cost is low. To verify the robustness of our findings, we consider the effects of reduced consumer uncertainty and the dynamic pricing mechanism in the extended models. Our main findings concerning trade‐in rebate and mode selection remain valid.

No abstract

Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) is a strategy designed to promote the integration of environmental costs associated with goods throughout their life cycles into the market price of the products. In order to explore the decision mechanism green production and the governance mechanism of green supply chain under EPR, this chapter makes a theoretical overview about the main issues of EPR and supply chain governance firstly. Generally, under EPR, the government uses financial incentives to encourage manufacturers to design environmentally friendly products by holding producers responsible for the costs of managing their products at end of life. Therefore, the green production framework under EPR is put up from the product life cycle perspective. Next, a supply chain governance framework is proposed to launch green supply chain when EPR policy is enforced. Finally, future directions of green production and green supply chain governance are developed.