A visible-light responsive C, N and Ce co-doped TiO 2 mesoporous membrane has been synthesized via a weakly alkaline sol-gel route using P123 template. The co-doping of C, N and Ce resulted in a lowered band gap of 2.14 eV which improved the photocatalytic activity in visible light. The Ce-dopant was found to strengthen the Ti-O bond that stabilized the anatase phase as well as the assembled interconnected mesoporous structure during high temperature calcination. The stabilization of the crystal phase and pore structure resulted in a higher surface area, smaller and more uniform pore size in the membrane. The membrane exhibited a low cut-off molecular weight of 3300 Da and a water flux of 4.05 L m À2 h À1 per bar.

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A three-in-one heterogeneous catalyst (UPO@dTiO 2 -CD) was fabricated by grafting cyclodextrins (CDs) on the dehiscent TiO 2 (dTiO 2 ) surface and subsequently immobilizing unspecific peroxygenase (rAaeUPO), which exhibited double enhanced electron/mass transfer in photo-enzymatic enantioselective hydroxylation of the C−H bond. The tunable anatase/rutile phase ratio and dehiscent mesoporous architectures of dTiO 2 and the electron donor feature and hydrophobic inner cavity of the CDs are independently responsible for accelerating both electron and mass transfer. The coordination of the photocatalytic and enzymatic steps was achieved by structural and compositional regulation. The optimized UPO@dTiO 2 -CD not only displayed high catalytic efficiency (turnover number and turnover frequency of rAaeUPO up to >65,000 and 91 min −1 , respectively) but also exhibited high stability and reusability.