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In recent years, industrialization has proceeded rapidly in rural areas, with many small plants being established and managed at the county, commune, and brigade level. However, safety regulations, hazard prevention, medical care, and h,ygienic services have not kept pace. Occupational hazards have not been fully recognized, and many preventive measures have not been taken by managers or workers. As a result, occupational health conditions are unsatisfactory in many of these plants. This paper reports the results of a survey carried out in Qi-yi Commune in 1981.