Objective Analyzing the risk factors for pneumonia development in breakthrough cases with a history of inactivated vaccine injection is important. The present study aimed to investigate the risk factors for pneumonia development during Omicron variant infection. Design and Methods The clinical data were retrospectively collected from 187 patients who previously received inactivated vaccine and were infected by the Omicron variant. Results Among the 187 patients, 73 had 2 doses of inactivated vaccine injection and the remaining 114 had 3 doses; 19 patients had pneumonia at admission. The univariate logistic analysis showed that age, baseline platelet count, D-dimer level, and CD8 + T lymphocyte count were associated with pneumonia development at admission. The multivariate analysis showed that only age was the independent risk factor for pneumonia development (odds ratio = 1.046, 95% confidence interval: 1.003–1.091, P = 0.04). With an optimal cutoff value of 46, 4.4% (4/91) patients in the age <46 years group and 15.63% (15/96) patients in the age ≥46 years group had pneumonia ( χ 2 = 6.454, P = 0.01). Moreover, age negatively correlated with CD8 + T cell count, B cell count, and albumin and uric acid levels (all P < 0.01), while age positively correlated with the glucose level ( P < 0.01). Conclusion Old age was the only independent risk factor for pneumonia development in patients with Omicron variant infection and a history of inactivated vaccine injection.

RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq)-based gene expression analysis is applicable to a wide range of biological purposes in various species. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is also used to assess target gene expression utilizing stably expressed reference genes as internal control under a given set of conditions. However, investigations of the reference genes for RT-qPCR normalization in the process of somatic embryogenesis (SE) initial dedifferentiation in Gossypium hirsutum are rarely reported. In this study, on the basis of our previous transcriptome data of three different induction stages during SE initial dedifferentiation process in four G. hirsutum cultivars that have different SE capability, 15 candidate genes were selected during SE initial dedifferentiation process, and their expression stability was evaluated by geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper. The results indicated that the two genes of endonuclease 4 (ENDO4) and 18S ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) showed stable expression in the four different G. hirsutum cultivars, endowing them to be appropriate reference genes during three induction stages in the four cotton cultivars. In addition, the stability and reliability of the two reference genes of ENDO4 and 18S rRNA were further verified by comparing the expressions of auxin-responsive protein 22 (AUX22) and ethylene-responsive transcription factor 17 (ERF17) between RT-qPCR results and the RNA-seq data, which showed strong positive correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.8396–0.9984), validating again the steady expression of ENDO4 and 18S rRNA as the reliable reference genes. Our results provide effective reference genes for RT-qPCR normalization during SE process in different G. hirsutum cultivars.

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