Abstract. The Atmospheric Pollution and Human Health in a Chinese
Megacity (APHH-Beijing) programme is an international collaborative project
focusing on understanding the sources, processes and health effects of air
pollution in the Beijing megacity. APHH-Beijing brings together leading China
and UK research groups, state-of-the-art infrastructure and air quality
models to work on four research themes: (1) sources and emissions of air
pollutants; (2) atmospheric processes affecting urban air pollution; (3) air
pollution exposure and health impacts; and (4) interventions and solutions.
Themes 1 and 2 are closely integrated and support Theme 3, while Themes 1–3
provide scientific data for Theme 4 to develop cost-effective air pollution
mitigation solutions. This paper provides an introduction to (i) the
rationale of the APHH-Beijing programme and (ii) the measurement and
modelling activities performed as part of it. In addition, this paper
introduces the meteorology and air quality conditions during two joint
intensive field campaigns – a core integration activity in APHH-Beijing. The
coordinated campaigns provided observations of the atmospheric chemistry and
physics at two sites: (i) the Institute of Atmospheric Physics in central
Beijing and (ii) Pinggu in rural Beijing during 10 November–10 December 2016 (winter) and 21 May–22 June 2017 (summer). The campaigns were
complemented by numerical modelling and automatic air quality and low-cost
sensor observations in the Beijing megacity. In summary, the paper provides
background information on the APHH-Beijing programme and sets the scene for
more focused papers addressing specific aspects, processes and effects of
air pollution in Beijing.
Obesity is associated with structural and functional limitations with impairment of normal gait. Although falls have been identified as the most common cause of injuries in the obese, the mechanisms associated with increased fall risk among the obese population are still unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of gait adaptations of the obese individuals and its implication on risk of slip initiations as measured by friction demand characteristics. To exclude the aging and gender effects, a total of ten healthy young male adults participated in the study. Kinematic and kinetic data were collected using a three-dimensional motion analysis system and force plates while subjects were walking at their self-selected walking pace. Results indicated that young obese adults walked similarly as their lean counterparts except for exhibiting greater step width and higher transversal friction demand, suggesting that slip-induced fall risks are similar along the horizontal direction, but increased along the transversal direction under certain floor conditions.
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