Characterization and source apportionment of carbonaceous PM2.5 particles in China - A review

Wu, Xuefang; Vu, Tuan V.; Shi, Zongbo; Harrison, Roy M.; Liu, Di; Cen, Kuang

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.06.025

Cited by 104 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 257 publications

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“…Compared with charcoal burning [31], OC/PM 2.5 mass ratios in this study were relatively smaller, while EC/PM 2.5 mass ratios were similar. Under similar combustion conditions, PM and OC concentrations of straws were much higher than those of woody fuels, which is in agreement with previous findings [30,[32][33][34]. Meanwhile, woods and bamboo showed substantially higher EC mass ratios than straws.…”

Section: Oc and Ec Content In Smoke Aerosolssupporting

confidence: 91%

Carbonaceous Aerosol Emitted from Biofuel Household Stove Combustion in South China

Sang-Arlt

Fu²,

Zhang

et al. 2020

Atmosphere

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Near-source measurements of smoke emissions from household stove combustion in a rural area of South China were conducted with 7 typical biomass fuels. Particulate matter samples (both PM 10 and PM 2.5 ) were analyzed for their carbonaceous components, including organic and elemental carbon (OC, EC) as well as levoglucosan (molecular tracer of biomass burning), employing thermal-optical and GC-MS analysis. The OC and EC content in PM 2.5 and PM 10 smoke particles derived from the various types of vegetation showed different patterns with the smallest values observed for straw type fuels. The OC/EC ratios in PM 2.5 and PM 10 showed an order of straw > hardwood > bamboo > softwood. Mass concentrations of particulate matter emitted from rice straw burning were highest with 12.23 ± 0.87 mg/m 3 (PM 10 ) and 9.31 ± 0.81 mg/m 3 (PM 2.5 ), while the mass ratios (LG/PM and OC/PM) were lowest among the 7 fuels, indicating that particle emissions from straw burning were higher than those from woody fuels, using similar burning conditions. The levoglucosan emission ratios were rather high and this single most abundant organic species was mainly present in the fine particle mode. Linear correlation analysis showed a strong relationship between levoglucosan and EC emissions.

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Section: Oc and Ec Content In Smoke Aerosolssupporting

confidence: 91%

Carbonaceous Aerosol Emitted from Biofuel Household Stove Combustion in South China

Sang-Arlt

Fu²,

Zhang

et al. 2020

Atmosphere

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“…bush, forest, vegetation, peat and grass fires). [48,49]. Wildfires can be a significant source of air pollution, with emissions including PM, carbon monoxide (CO), PAHs and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) [50].…”

Section: Contribution Of Biomass Burning To Ambient Pm Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Harmful Is Particulate Matter Emitted from Biomass Burning? A Thailand Perspective

et al. 2019

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Purpose of Review A large body of epidemiological evidence demonstrates that exposure to particulate matter (PM) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Many epidemiology studies have investigated the health effects of PM in Europe and North America and focussed on traffic derived PM. However, elevated levels of PM are a global problem and the impacts of other sources of PM on health should be assessed. Biomass burning can increase PM levels in urban and rural indoor and outdoor environments in developed and developing countries. We aim to identify whether the health effects of traffic and biomass burning derived PM are similar by performing a narrative literature review. We focus on Thailand as haze episodes from agricultural biomass burning can substantially increase PM levels. Recent Findings Existing epidemiology, in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that biomass burning derived PM elicits toxicity via stimulation of oxidative stress, inflammation and genotoxicity. Thus, it is likely to cause similar adverse health outcomes to traffic PM, which causes toxicity via similar mechanisms. However, there is conflicting evidence regarding whether traffic or biomass burning derived PM is most hazardous. Also, there is evidence that PM released from different biomass sources varies in its toxic potency. Summary We recommend that epidemiology studies are performed in Thailand to better understand the impacts of PM emitted from specific biomass sources (e.g. agricultural burning). Further, experimental studies should assess the toxicity of PM emitted from more diverse biomass sources. This will fill knowledge gaps and inform evidence-based interventions that protect human health.

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“…Organic matter is a large and important fraction of atmospheric fine particles, and a substantial number of organic compounds can be found in the atmospheric particulate phase and may originate as either primary emissions or from the secondary formation process (Wu et al, 2018). The primary emission tracers and precursor compounds have been extensively studied in the Beijing aerosol and showed significant contributions from coal combustion, biomass burning and traffic emissions (Ren et al, 2016;Yao et al, 2016).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Insight into the composition of organic compounds ( ≥ C₆) in PM_2.5 in wintertime in Beijing, China

et al. 2019

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Abstract. Organic matter is a major component of PM2.5 in megacities. In order to understand the detailed characteristics of organic compounds (≥ C6) at a molecular level on non-haze and haze days, we determined more than 300 organic compounds in the PM2.5 from an urban area of Beijing collected in November–December 2016 using two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-ToF-MS). The identified organic compounds have been classified into groups, and quantitative methods were used to calculate their concentrations. Primary emission sources make significant contributions to the atmospheric organic compounds, and six groups (including n-alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons – PAHs, levoglucosan, branched alkanes, n-alkenes and alkyl-benzenes) account for 66 % of total identified organic compound mass. In addition, PAHs and oxygenated PAHs (O-PAHs) were abundant amongst the atmospheric organic compounds on both haze and non-haze days. The most abundant hydrocarbon groups were observed with a carbon atom range of C19–C28. In addition, the total concentration of unidentified compounds present in the chromatogram was estimated in the present study. The total identified compounds account for approximately 47 % of total organic compounds (≥ C6) in the chromatogram on both the non-haze and haze days. The total mass concentrations of organic compounds (≥ C6) in the chromatogram were 4.0 and 7.4 µg m−3 on the non-haze and haze days, respectively, accounting for 26.4 % and 18.5 % of organic matter, respectively, on those days estimated from the total organic carbon concentration. Ratios of individual compound concentrations between haze and non-haze days do not give a clear indication of the degree of oxidation, but the overall distribution of organic compounds in the chromatogram provides strong evidence that the organic aerosol is less GC volatile and hence more highly oxidized on haze days.

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Characterization and source apportionment of carbonaceous PM2.5 particles in China - A review

Cited by 104 publications

References 257 publications

Carbonaceous Aerosol Emitted from Biofuel Household Stove Combustion in South China

Carbonaceous Aerosol Emitted from Biofuel Household Stove Combustion in South China

How Harmful Is Particulate Matter Emitted from Biomass Burning? A Thailand Perspective

Insight into the composition of organic compounds ( ≥ C₆) in PM_2.5 in wintertime in Beijing, China

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Characterization and source apportionment of carbonaceous PM2.5 particles in China - A review

Cited by 104 publications

References 257 publications

Carbonaceous Aerosol Emitted from Biofuel Household Stove Combustion in South China

Carbonaceous Aerosol Emitted from Biofuel Household Stove Combustion in South China

How Harmful Is Particulate Matter Emitted from Biomass Burning? A Thailand Perspective

Insight into the composition of organic compounds ( ≥ C6) in PM2.5 in wintertime in Beijing, China

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Insight into the composition of organic compounds ( ≥ C₆) in PM_2.5 in wintertime in Beijing, China