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Besides developmental and metabolic aspects, MYB transcription factors play key roles in plant defence and stress responses. From six pearl millet genomes, 1133 MYB genes were identi ed, and four subgroups were constructed by phylogenetically. The duplication pattern of MYB genes in the pearl millet genomes has a conserved and similar evolutionary history. In abiotic stress, MYB genes have a preference for drought stress and heat stress and are more strongly regulated in roots. Multiple analyses have shown that MYB genes respond to abiotic stresses by regulating ABA-related, circadian rhythms and histone modi cation pathways. Under abiotic stress, a large number of duplication events occurred in differentially expressed genes, and the positive expression trend of duplication on PMA5G04432.1-PMA2G00728.1 was consistent across multiple stresses, suggesting that gene duplication is essential for pearl millet adaptation to abiotic stresses. This work will contribute to further studies on the MYB gene family in pearl millet and facilitate further understanding of the potential role of MYB in the regulation of abiotic stresses.