Plant pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) perceive pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) to activate immune responses. Medium‐chain 3‐hydroxy fatty acids (mc‐3‐OH‐FAs), which are widely present in Gram‐negative bacteria, were recently shown to be novel PAMPs in Arabidopsis thaliana. The Arabidopsis PRR LIPOOLIGOSACCHARIDE‐SPECIFIC REDUCED ELICITATION (LORE) is a G‐type lectin receptor‐like kinase that recognizes mc‐3‐OH‐FAs and subsequently mounts an immune response; however, the mechanisms underlying LORE activation and downstream signaling are unexplored. Here, we report that one of the mc‐3‐OH‐FAs, 3‐OH‐C10:0, induces phosphorylation of LORE at tyrosine residue 600 (Y600). Phosphorylated LORE subsequently trans‐phosphorylates the receptor‐like cytoplasmic kinase PBL34 and its close paralogs, PBL35 and PBL36, and therefore activates plant immunity. Phosphorylation of LORE Y600 is required for downstream phosphorylation of PBL34, PBL35, and PBL36. However, the Pseudomonas syringae effector HopAO1 targets LORE, dephosphorylating the tyrosine‐phosphorylated Y600 and therefore suppressing the immune response. These observations uncover the mechanism by which LORE mediates signaling in response to 3‐OH‐C10:0 in Arabidopsis.
Plant surface-localized pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) perceive conserved microbial features, termed pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), resulting in disease resistance. PAMP perception leads to calcium influx, MAPK activation, a burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated by RbohD, accumulation of the defense hormone salicylic acid (SA), and callose deposition. Lectin receptor-like kinases (LecRKs) belong to a specific PRR family and are important players in plant innate immunity. Here, we report that LecRK-IX.2 is a positive regulator of PRR-triggered immunity. Pathogen infection activated the transcription of Arabidopsis () , and the knockout lines exhibited enhanced susceptibility to virulent pv DC3000. In addition, LecRK-IX.2 is capable of inducing RbohD phosphorylation, likely by recruiting calcium-dependent protein kinases to trigger ROS production in Arabidopsis. Overexpression of resulted in elevated ROS and SA and enhanced systemic acquired resistance to pv DC3000. Our data highlight the importance of LecRKs in plant immune signaling and SA accumulation.
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