Paraphlomis is a genus of Lamiaceae with about 30 species distributed mainly in subtropical China. In this study, we carried out the first molecular phylogenetic analyses to elucidate the relationships within the genus based on two nuclear and four plastid DNA regions. Our results, which recovered a species of Matsumurella within Paraphlomis , indicate that the genus is not monophyletic. The two sections and most of the series previously described within the genus are also shown to be polyphyletic. Combining with morphological evidence, our study indicates that nutlet morphology rather than calyx morphology is of phylogenetic value for the infrageneric classification of Paraphlomis . Moreover, P. jiangyongensis , a new species from southern China, is here described, and P . coronata , formerly treated as a variety of P . javanica , is here resurrected as a distinct species within the genus.

A new species of Chrysosplenium (Saxifragaceae), C. zhangjiajieense, is described and illustrated from Zhangjiajie, Hunan province in China. This new species is similar to C. macrophyllum in having broad basal leaves and compact cymes, but it differs from the latter in that the whole plant of C. zhangjiajieense is densely covered by coarse and long white villus, and the leaf adaxial surface bears thickly wart points. The new species is also similar to C. davidianum, but differs by having white flowers, only one cauline leaf, oblong sepals and the stamen is longer than sepals while C. davidianum possess yellow flower, 2–5 cauline leaves, orbicular sepals and the stamen much shorter than sepals. Base on the field investigation, this new species is accessed to be endangered according to IUCN category and criteria.

A new species of Primulaceae, Primula hunanensis G. Hao, C. M. Hu & X. L. Yu, from Hunan, China, is described and illustrated. Based on its general morphology it clearly belongs to P. sect. Carolinella, characterized by the calyptrate capsules, but can be distinguished by its adaxially glabrous leaves which are much longer than the petioles, blade base broadly cuneate to subrounded, umbellate inflorescence, and glabrous pedicels and calyx.

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A new species, Lysimachia huangsangensis (Primulaceae), from Hunan, China is described and illustrated. The new species is closely related to L. carinata because of the crested calyx, but differs in the leaf blades that are ovate to elliptic and (3–)4.5–9 × 2–3.4 cm, 2–5-flowered racemes, and the calyx lobes that are ovate-lanceolate and 5–6 × 3–4 mm. The systematic placement and conservation status are also discussed.