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In response to the challenge of improving energy utilising efficiency, multi-carrier energy storage systems, composed of electrical power networks, natural gas networks, heating networks, and other energy networks, are attracting more attention and developing rapidly in recent years. Traditionally, different energy infrastructures are commonly planned and operated independently, which results in less efficient energy usage and resource wasting. Through integrating as multi-carrier energy storage system, different energy infrastructures can be coupled and optimised as one unit. Here, an optimal scheduling for a real multi-carrier energy storage system with hydrogen-based vehicle applications is proposed from an economic point of view. Simulation results suggest the proposed optimal scheduling can help quantify the daily operation cost and achieve considerably operation cost saving by reasonably arranging and utilising all the components in the system.

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