Using 3-month-old seedlings of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Savigny and Kandelia candel (L.) Druce, we compared species differences in ionic homeostasis control between the two non-secretor mangrove species. A high salinity (400 mM NaCl, 4 weeks) resulted in a decline of the K(+)/Na(+) ratio in root and leaf tissues, and the reduction was more pronounced in K. candel (41-66%) as compared with B. gymnorrhiza (5-36%). Salt-altered flux profiles of Na(+), K(+), H(+) and Ca(2+) in roots and effects of exogenous hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), nitric oxide (NO) and Ca(2+) on root ion fluxes were examined in seedlings that were hydroponically treated short term with 100 mM NaCl (ST, 24 h) and long term with 200 mM NaCl (LT, 7 days). Short term and LT salinity resulted in Na(+) efflux and a correspondingly increased H(+) influx in roots of both species, although a more pronounced effect was observed in B. gymnorrhiza. The salt-enhanced exchange of Na(+) with H(+) was obviously inhibited by amiloride (a Na(+)/H(+) antiporter inhibitor) or sodium orthovanadate (a plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase inhibitor), indicating that the Na(+) efflux resulted from active Na(+) exclusion across the plasma membrane. Short term and LT salinity accelerated K(+) efflux in the two species, but K. candel exhibited a higher flux rate. The salt-induced K(+) efflux was markedly restricted by the K(+) channel blocker, tetraethylammonium chloride, indicating that the K(+) efflux is mediated by depolarization-activated channels, e.g., KORCs (outward rectifying K(+) channels) and NSCCs (non-selective cation channels). Exogenous H(2)O(2) application (10 mM) markedly increased the apparent Na(+) efflux and limited K(+) efflux in ST-treated roots, although H(2)O(2) caused a higher Na(+) efflux in B. gymnorrhiza roots. CaCl(2) (10 mM) reduced the efflux of K(+) in salinized roots of the two mangroves, but its enhancement of Na(+) efflux was found only in B. gymnorrhiza. Under ST treatment, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) (100 ∝M, an NO donor) increased Na(+) efflux at the root apex of the two species; however, its inhibition of K(+) loss was seen only in K. candel. Of note, NaCl caused an obvious influx of Ca(2+) in B. gymnorrhiza roots, which was enhanced by H(2)O(2) (10 mM). Therefore, the salt-induced Ca(2+) benefits B. gymnorrhiza in maintaining K(+)/Na(+) homeostasis under high external salinity.

This study was conducted to examine the effect of consumption of buckwheat protein product (BWP) on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon tumor in rats. Male growing Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets containing either casein or BWP (net protein level, 200 g/kg; n = 20/group) for 124 d. The rats were gavaged weekly with DMH (20 mg/kg body) for the first 8 wk. Food intake and growth were unaffected by dietary manipulation. Dietary BWP caused a 47% reduction in the incidence of colonic adenocarcinoma (P < 0.05), but did not affect the incidence of colonic adenomas. BWP intake tended to reduce the number of colon adenocarcinomas (P = 0.16). Consumption of BWP significantly reduced cell proliferation and expression of c-myc and c-fos proteins in colonic epithelium. The results suggest that dietary BWP has a protective effect against DMH-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats by reducing cell proliferation.

The bilayer Hubbard model with electron-hole doping is an ideal platform to study excitonic orders due to suppressed recombination via spatial separation of electrons and holes. However, suffering from the sign problem, previous quantum Monte Carlo studies could not arrive at an unequivocal conclusion regarding the presence of phases with clear signatures of excitonic condensation in bilayer Hubbard models. Here, we develop a determinant quantum Monte Carlo (DQMC) algorithm for the bilayer Hubbard model that is sign-problem-free for equal and opposite doping in the two layers, and study excitonic order and charge and spin density modulations as a function of chemical potential difference between the two layers, on-site Coulomb repulsion, and inter-layer interaction. In the intermediate coupling regime and in proximity to the SU(4)-symmetric point, we find a biexcitonic condensate phase at finite electron-hole doping, as well as a competing (π, π) charge density wave (CDW) state. We extract the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transition temperature from superfluid density and a finite size scaling analysis of the correlation functions, and explain our results in terms of an effective biexcitonic hardcore boson model. arXiv:1809.06439v3 [cond-mat.str-el]

Intelligent applications have greatly promoted the development of fog computing. The protocols have emerged diversely, causing the problems in the interworking between terminal devices, which has seriously hindered the development of fog computing. Based on the open connectivity foundation (OCF) protocol, this paper proposes an interworking solution for intelligent devices and designs an OCFbased multi-protocol gateway to access non-OCF services. The main functions are divided into three categories: manager, adapter, and device agent. In part, the manager provides centralized management services, the adapter provides communication services between the client and the server device, and the device agent provides access services for the server device. The semantic conversion scheme of an OCF protocol with other protocols is proposed in the device agent, which solves the problem of interoperability between an OCF client device and non-OCF server devices. Finally, the OCF multi-protocol interworking gateway was built, and the semantic conversion between the OCF protocol, AllJoyn protocol, and the ZigBee protocol was implemented. The interoperability between the OCF client, AllJoyn device, and ZigBee device was verified.INDEX TERMS Standards, OCF, semantic conversion, multi-protocol, gateway. I. INTRODUCTION Intelligent applications have covered retail [1], logistics [2], medical [3], home [4], urban construction [5] and other fields [6], becoming a hot new trend. Faced with a large number of local applications, a large amount of business data is generated, and fog computing is urgently needed for processing the data to achieve intelligence. As the means of information transmission for the fog computing, TD-SCDMA [7], Fog Radio Access Networks(F-RAN) [8], Cloud Radio Access Networks (C-RAN) [9], hierarchical radio resource allocation [10], and network slicing in fog networks [11], provide an effective means and strong support for fog computing. On the other hand, the development of the IoT protocol has greatly promoted the fog computing application. Enterprises and vendors propose their own standards and communication protocols [12], and build their own ecosystem, including Google's solution for smart applications, Android Things [13], Apple's solution for smart home platform, HomeKit [14], Haier U+ solutions with smart life as the mainstay [15], as well as access technologyThe associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Mugen Peng.

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