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This study evaluates the influences of nickel and ozone exposure individually and/ or in combination on growth performance, antioxidant activity and genes up regulation of two rice cultivars Sakha 101 and Giza 178. Ni treatment at high doses (100 µM Ni) and 75 ppb O 3 alone reduced the fresh weight, mineral content, membrane integrity and Rubisco content. There was an increase in SOD and APX activity in the shoots of rice cultivars, whereas, there was a decrease in GR and GST in the roots and shoots. In contrast combined stresses appeared to be stimulatory for growth and mineral contents, Rubisco content and antioxidant enzymes. Nonspecific lipid transfer protein and transmembrane protein genes were up regulation in rice cultivars in response to Ni stress. Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase is upregulated in response to ozone stress; RNA pseudouridine synthase, heat shock proteins and cytochrome P450-like were upregulated in response to combined stresses. The results revealed that the interactive effects of both stresses were antagonistic on growth parameters and antioxidant activities to overcome the adverse effects of both pollutants.

Background: Acne is caused by several factors including the active secretion of sebaceous sweat glands, hyperkeratosis in the hair infundibulum and the effects of bacteria. One of the plants that has the potential as an antibacterial is the extract of arumanis mango leaves. Method: Determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of methanol extract of mango leaves which can inhibit Propionibacterium acnes activity. The antibacterial activity tests were performed using agar diffusion. The ointment formulation, the characteristics of ointment preparations and the ointment activity against P. Acnes are discussed. Result: MIC of methanol extract of mango leaves value is 5 ppm with an inhibition zone of 1 mm. The ointment obtained is white, has distinctive smell, semisolid form, possesses a pH of 4.92 - 5.87, dispersive power of 5.05 - 6.30 cm, adhesive power of 1 - 3.67 seconds, homogeneous and protective. Ointment preparations of methanol extract of mango leaves has activity on P. acnes on the 0 and 15th day of storage. The activities of ointment preparation on day 0 with concentrations of 0, 5, 10 and 15 ppm are 0.00 mm; 10.20 mm; 19.97 mm and 23.60 mm respectively, while the inhibition zones produced by the preparation of ointment on day 15 with concentrations of 0, 5, 10 and 15 ppm are 0.00 mm; 5.71 mm; 9.58 mm and 21.88 mm respectively. Conclusion: Methanol extract of mango leaves (Mangifera indica L.) and oinment preparation are able to inhibit the growth of Propionibacterium acnes.

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