In this paper, the subject of research is allergic diseases. The aim of the study was to study the frequency of visits to the Osh Interregional Joint Clinical Hospital for allergies. The study of this problem is of considerable interest. Currently, it is difficult to find a person without symptoms of allergy, because every fourth person is a carrier of it. The presence of a huge number of people suffering from this disease is due to the action of many factors, in particular: poor ecology, heredity, the impact of constantly irritating factors. According to the results of epidemiological studies, on average about 10% of the world’s population suffer from various forms of allergic pathology and only an increase in the number of these diseases is expected in the future. According to WHO, currently more than 5% of the world's adult population and 15% of children suffer from allergic diseases. In Kyrgyzstan, every fourth citizen suffers from some form of allergy. And in ecologically unfavorable regions, the level of allergic diseases among the population reaches 30-60%. The results of the conducted studies have shown that the frequency of referrals with allergic diseases increases in all age categories. The structure of allergic diseases is dominated by allergic rhinitis — 48.1%, urticarial — 20.5% and atopic dermatitis allergies — 18.3%.

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Research relevance: article presents the incidence of children and grandchildren for 2018–2019 of liquidator workers who took part in cleaning up the contaminated area around the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, as well as residents evacuated from the city of Pripyat and other settlements within a radius of 70 km from the station. The consequences of radiation exposure of Chernobyl accident remain a topical issue. Research objectives: in order to study health status of children and grandchildren of liquidators, outpatient cards and reporting forms no. 15-zdrav “On medical care for people affected by radiation and included in the Kyrgyz State Medical and Dosimetric Register” examined. Research materials and methods: diseases of the endocrine and nervous systems, nutritional disorders, metabolic disorders, mental disorders, diseases of the eye and its adnexa, ear diseases of and mastoid process were studied. Circulatory and respiratory system diseases were analyzed. Research results: animal and cell culture studies show that high doses of ionizing radiation can lead to mutations in offspring. However, there have not been sufficiently large-scale studies on humans that would allow assessing the effect of radiation on the health of offspring. The exposure provokes mutations and incurable diseases, but it is still unclear how it might affect the children affected. It is known that exposure to ionizing radiation increases DNA mutagenesis compared to background values. Conclusions: obtained data substantiate the need for further monitoring of their health, organization of differentiated dispensary observation of this contingent and timely implementation of medical, rehabilitation and preventive measures in order to preserve health of “children and grandchildren of Chernobyl” at all subsequent stages of their life.

The paper studies the features of orienting-exploratory activity in the conditions of adaptation of the body to pressure chamber hypoxia. White laboratory rats were used in the studies. Simulation of acute hypoxia was carried out in a pressure chamber. In the course of the work, it was found that acute hypoxia leads to inhibition of emotional and motor activity in animals on the 3rd day, depleting energy resources in the nerve cells of the brain of rats. It is known that in the brain, in comparison with the liver and heart, the highest rate of glycolytic reactions is observed, and therefore, within a short time interval, the concentration of lactate in the brain tissue increases significantly. In addition to the accumulation of lactic acid, there is an intensive formation of a number of under oxidized products — reduced pyridine nucleotides, an increase in the content of other organic acids of the Krebs cycle, for example, pyruvic acid. The general acidification of the intracellular environment of neurons is accompanied by a sharp decrease in the activity of cellular enzymes and a violation of their connections with the membrane. Starting from the fourth day, the excitability of neurons responsible for grooming is inhibited, the resistance of the animal organism to acute hypobaric hypoxia increases. The action of low barometric pressure (altitude 6000 meters above sea level) on the fifth and sixth day leads to hypoxic dysfunction of the higher parts of the central nervous system. Thus, the study of the features of the course of bioelectrical processes in the CNS against the background of emerging acute exogenous hypoxic conditions of various origins is of particular importance due to the need to obtain timely and objective information about the severity of functional disorders of brain structures sensitive to hypoxia, as well as to determine the level of their damage.