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Egypt suffers from a lack of rainwater and hot weather most of the year, which represents a challenge to the current trend to achieve optimum utilization of newly reclaimed land. Egypt's agriculture depends on irrigation that consumes about 85% of the available water resources. How this problem is managed is the aim of the study, where the controlled drainage (CD) application was evaluated as a water-saving tool and the long-term impacts of using such practice on crop productivity and soil salinity were predicted using DRAINMOD-S for El-Tina plain in the northwestern corner in Sinai. Soil texture of the plain varies between sandy loam to clay. Collected data of wheat and corn as winter and summer crops, respectively, were used to check the model reliability. The water table fluctuations were monitored on a daily basis. At the same time, drains discharges and salinities were also monitored during the whole growing season. The salinities of the topsoil till 1.0 m depth were measured. The obtained results from the model were assessed compared with the observed values of the daily water table fluctuations; lateral discharges, salt concentrations in the soil profile, and relative crop yield during each season. Simulation results satisfactorily matched the data collected from the field. Simulation values obtained for 10 years indicated that the average quantity of drain discharge increased by increasing the managed drainage depth which makes (CD) a promising tool for regulating the draining intensity, a remarkable increase in the soil salinity of the root zone will take place if the irrigation water salinity reaches values above 800 ppm, and consequently the high irrigation water salinity values will badly affect most of the crops that grow normally in the field under study except the high salt tolerance ones as wheat. A noticeable decrease in crop yields will be the inevitable result if both the managed drainage depth and water salinity are increased. The outputs of the study can be considered as guidelines for how to utilize the controlled drainage application under Egyptian conditions.

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A study was carried out for the effect of different levels of salinity i.e. (0,60 and 120mM (Nacl) and potassium levels i.e 0 and 30mM (k 2 So 4) on growth and chemical composition of seedlings of two olive cultivars karotina and picwal during 2009 and 2010 seasons at Inshas Research Station, El-Sharkia Governorate, Water Management Research Institute, Egypt. The seedlings were grown in hydroponics system (nutrient film technique NFT). Results revealed that, increasing salinity levels caused a gradually decrease in plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves/plant, number of branches/plant, N, P and K percentages, while Na ,Ca and Mg percentages were increased gradually with increasing of salinity levels. Potassium addition increased in plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves /plant, number of branches / plant, N, P and K percentages, while Na, Ca and Mg percentages were decreased. The results revealed the necessity of potassium fertilizer to reduce negative effects of salinity on plant growth. Karotina cultivar gave the highest values of previous parameters than picwal cultivar and seems to be more than tolerate salinity compared with picwal cultivar.