Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) for patients with AML is increasingly able to impact the historically poor outcomes in this disease. Nonetheless, even with transplant, the rates of post-HCT relapse are unacceptably high, and remain a great challenge in the treatment of patients with AML. Maintenance therapies after allo-HCT, given to patients at high risk of relapse or with evidence of minimal residual disease (MRD), may provide a way to reduce relapse rates and improve survival. New therapies may offer acceptable toxicity profiles in the post-HCT setting, and investigations are ongoing using hypomethylating agents, histone deacetylase inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors, drug-antibody conjugates and cellular therapies. Future directions in the field of post-HCT therapies may include better risk stratification with MRD, as well as the exploitation of novel mechanisms such as immune checkpoint inhibition and modified chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. In this mini review, we discuss the current landscape of clinical research in post-HCT maintenance therapies, as well as future therapeutic strategies of interest. Although there is great potential for post-HCT agents to improve AML outcomes, these will need to be evaluated prospectively through well-designed randomized clinical trials.

To the Editor Atopic dermatitis (AD) or eczema is a chronic inflammatory skin disease associated with arthritis of inflammatory aetiology such as rheumatoid arthritis. 1 To date, the association between AD and non-inflammatory arthritis remains unknown. This study sought to determine whether AD is associated with increased risk of osteoarthritis (OA) in adults from the 1999-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a national representative database of health and