First, a simple model describes theoretically the processes involved in the irradiation of solid targets by femtosecond laser pulses and predicts the optimal target and laser parameters for efficient nanoparticles synthesis. Then, we show experimental evidence for successful synthesis of aluminum nanoparticles. Nanoparticles size distribution, morphology, atomic structure, and chemical composition are determined by various techniques, including x-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy.

The approach to the ultimate strength of metals is determined experimentally. The ultimate strength of metals was calculated using a realistic wide-range equation of state. The strength of metals was measured using shock waves created in aluminum and copper foils with a short- (20–100 ps) pulse high-power laser. The strength of the materials was determined from the free-surface-velocity time history, which was measured with an optically recording velocity interferometer system. The strain rates in these experiments were in the range (1.5–5)×108 s−1.

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Stimulated Raman side scattering of an ultrashort high power laser pulse is studied in experiments on laser wakefield acceleration. Experiments and simulations reveal that stimulated Raman side scattering occurs at the beginning of the interaction, that it contributes to the evolution of the pulse prior to wakefield formation, and also that it affects the quality of electron beams generated. The relativistic shift of the plasma frequency is measured.