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Background: Nonimmune hydrops fetalis (NIHF) due to congenital chylothorax (CC) is rare and is usually associated with high mortality. Chylothorax complicated with congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is extremely rare and the management becomes challenging. We present a case of CC in a preterm infant with associated CMV positivity, which was managed successfully. Clinical Description: A 2.25 kg, 34-week female newborn, with antenatally diagnosed hydrops, delivered by emergency cesarean section, presented with pleural effusion and poor respiratory efforts. Management: The baby was provided mechanical ventilation and all supportive treatments. Pleural fluid testing was suggestive of high proteins with high white cell counts, predominantly lymphocytes. Baby was also positive for CMV immunoglobulin M with a high number of copies in the urine polymerase chain reaction. The baby initially responded well to oral valgancyclovir but returned with severe respiratory distress on day 20 of life, at which time, was again found to have right-sided chylothorax. This was managed successfully with octreotide at a dose of 8 μg/kg/hour and 90% medium chain triglyceride diet. Conclusions: CC should be considered in the differential diagnosis of NIHF. An incidental serological test positivity for CMV may be superimposed on underlying CC. If the latter is managed optimally with close monitoring, the outcome is usually favorable.

Obesity is one of the common metabolic diseases which is tremendously on the rise. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the number of patients has increased three times since 1975. A person with Body Mass Index (BMI) equal to or higher than 30.0 is considered obese. Previously considered only as a cosmetic concern, obesity has now been shown to be an aggravating element for various diseases and disorders including diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The most common drugs subscribed by physicians include orlistat, rimonabant, liraglutide and sibutramine which have been proven to be effective to reduce body fat in patients. However, in the long run, patients have complained about symptoms which are mild like nausea, insomnia and dizziness to severe complications such as increase in risk of heart attack or stroke. The following review provides insights about synthetic drugs, their classification and their side-effects on human health. Furthermore, a gist of natural products i.e. phytochemicals that can be used as an alternative to these synthetic drugs has also been discussed in the review.