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The impact of electric vehicles (EVs) and heat pumps (HPs) on the voltages seen on a low voltage (LV) feeder is investigated in this paper. The Monte Carlo (MC) method was adopted to understand the impact of diversity of demand on LV feeders and especially the effect of uncontrolled human behaviour. The statistical models of EV demand and HP demand were established and a simulation study was carried out in both balanced and unbalanced scenarios. Moreover, the effectiveness of the TOU tariff on mitigating the violations of the voltage limits caused by EVs and HPs was investigated and the result shows that the TOU tariff helps to shorten the violation time period but may induce a new violation period.

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We have made an NMR study of the effect of yttrium substitution on the hyperfine splitting of in ferromagnetic terbium at 4.2 K. In conventionally prepared polycrystalline samples the average transferred hyperfine field increases linearly with yttrium content, an effect attributed to the reduction of the negative transferred hyperfine fields from the 4f spins on neighbouring Tb ions. The rate of increase, however, is about half of that expected from similar measurements on inter-rare-earth alloys. We have also studied the transferred hyperfine interaction in epitaxially grown laminae of Tb containing 5% and 10% Y, in which resolved satellites associated with individual nearest-neighbour Y atoms are observed. The satellite shift, per unit change in 4f spin, is less than half of that observed in epitaxially grown Ho:Dy and Ho:Gd alloys. We conclude that the nominally non-magnetic Y is not a simple spin diluent, and that it makes a substantial contribution to the transferred hyperfine field.