Introducción: los derrames pleurales son una complicación frecuente en el cáncer. Son generalmente causados por compromiso pleural tumoral. El diagnóstico es clínico y paraclínico. Las modalidades terapéuticas incluyen la pleurodesis química, que no es etiológica ni fisiológica. La quimioterapia en cánceres quimiosensibles es una buena alternativa. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir la frecuencia de respuesta a la quimioterapia sistémica en derrames pleurales después del drenaje. Materiales y métodos: se trata de un estudio descriptivo tipo serie de casos. Se incluyeron pacientes con cánceres quimiosensibles, derrame pleural maligno, sin quimioterapia previa, IK >80, expectativa de vida >6 meses. Procedimiento: práctica de Rx tórax, inserción del tubo para drenaje evacuante, aplicación de quimioterapia sistémica, remoción del tubo al día siguiente de terminar la quimioterapia. No reproducción del derrame mínimo por seis meses. Se utilizó análisis de estadística descriptiva. Resultados: se estudiaron 69 pacientes: hombres (37,68%), mujeres (62,31%). Edad promedio: 59 años. Cánceres: carcinoma broncogénico (43,47%), carcinoma de mama (28,98%), carcinoma de ovario (14,49%), carcinoma de origen desconocido (7,24%), otros (5,79%). Estadios clínicos: IIIb (57,97%), IV (42,02%). Respuesta total: 85,5%. Se encontró respuestas en cánceres de origen conocido del 90,6% y en cánceres de origen desconocido del 20%. Recidiva del derrame pleural en un 14,5%. Conclusiones: la quimioterapia sistémica después de la evacuación del derrame es una buena alternativa para tratar derrames pleurales malignos quimiosensibles, porque es etiológica y tiene una alta tasa de respuesta.
e22207 Background: It is well known cancer patients may present both hemorrhagic and thrombotic abnormalities and these phenomena are difficult to diagnose and treat. Thrombotic phenomena are developed clinicly in 15% in cancer patients and it’s higher in adenocarcinomas and myeloprolipherative disorders. These complications can be the consequence of coagulations factor direct activation or chronic DIC, because of the acquired capacity of neoplastic cells for starting coagulation cascade. Methods: In this study an untreated cancer patients group were compared with another healthy controls group, older than 14 years. Patients before treatment and controls were laboratory tested. A t – test for independent samples was employed. Results: Number: patients group: 66, control group: 73. Median age: patients: 50 (17-78). Controls: 52 (18 -93). Sex: Patients: men: 35%, women: 65%. Controls: men: 52%, women: 48%. Malignancies: breast cancer 9.7%; gastric carcinoma 8.1%; cervical carcinoma 6.5%; NH lymphomas 6.5%, unknown origen metastatic carcinoma 4.8%; oral carcinoma 4.8%. Clinical stages: I: 6.3%; II: 6.3%; III: 22.9%; IV: 62.5% (metastatic) 47.9%. Thrombotic antecedents in patients group: 19.7%. There were significant differences in: Platelets count: patients: 281121, controls: 307745 (p<0.001). Protein C: 0.87 and 3.81 UI/mL, respectively (p < 0.001). Antithrombin III: 97 and 101% (p<0.001). Plasminogen: 92.9 and 101.1% (p < 0.001). Lupus anticoagulant (RVV time): 27 and 25.6” (p<0.001). There were no significant differences in PT: 18.3 and 16.9” and PTT: 31 and 34”. The same significant differences were got when the patients of every clinical stage were compared with control patients. There were no differences when the patients of every clinical stage were compared among themselves, nor between sex. Conclusions: This study shows cancer patients may have many coagulation abnormalities: anticoagulant system defects and fibrinolytic system hipoactivity, demonstrated by the significant differences found in antithrombin III, protein C and plasminogen levels between patients and controls groups. It is suggested to practice these tests to cancer patients, even without clinical coagulation disorders, to stablish prophylactic measures.
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