The study was conducted during 2020 in Chikkaballapur district which comes under eastern dry zone (Zone-V) of Karnataka. In Chikkaballapur district, two taluks i.e. Sidlaghatta and Chikkaballapur taluks were purposefully selected for the stud, since this taluk are having more area under protected cultivation technology. The ex-post-facto research design was used for the study In the present investigation, ex-post facto research design was used. This design was considered appropriate, as it is a systematic empirical enquiry for measuring the phenomenon, which has already occurred and is continuing. The total sample size comprises 100 of which, 50 growers (25 Chrysanthemum and 25 Capsicum) were selected randomly from Chikkaballapur taluk. Similarly, 50 growers (25 Chrysanthemum and 25 Capsicum) were selected randomly from Sidlaghatta taluk. The results of the study show that more than half of the horticulture crop growers were comes under middle age category, nearly one-third of growers were educated up to high school, more than two-fifth of the growers were small farmers, nearly one-fourth of the growers belonged to medium experience category, more than two-fifth of growers belonged to medium mass media exposure category. More than two-fifth of Horticulture crop growers had high scientific orientation. Two-fifth of the growers had medium achievement motivation. two-fifth of the horticulture crop growers had medium extension participation, more than two-fifth of the growers had medium level management orientation, majority of the growers were accessibility to credit and subsidy and nearly half of the growers belonged to medium risk bearing ability.

Arunachal Pradesh is an agrarian state which is gifted with natural resources and huge scope for agriculture and horticulture sectors. However, farming in Arunachal Pradesh is facing some socio-economic constraints which led to under-utilization of resource bases in the state. To ensure proper utilization of resources and to improve well being of farming community, there is need to adopt suitable farming system which can contribute to livelihood development. Therefore, a study was conducted in Ziro-I and Ziro-II block of Lower Subansiri district of Arunachal Pradesh during 2019-20 to know the association between personal, socio-economical and psychological characteristics of farmers with their performance in practicing different farming systems. A total of 200 respondents were selected from both blocks; 50 respondents each practicing FS-I, FS-II from Ziro-I block and FS-III, FS-IV from Ziro-II block. The result shows that innovative proneness, risk bearing ability, achievement motivation, decision making ability and management orientation had positive and significant association with performance at one and five per cent level of significance for all four farming systems. The probable reasons for the above findings could be that the farmers as an occupation has to deal with new farming practices and face many challenges such as drought, crop failure, pest attack, and soil infertility. As these experiences increases along with capital investment, their risk bearing ability also increases which may lead to improve performances in their farming. Additionally, to excel in farming practices there should be desire to achieve success in their work by taking timely decisions and performing as a good farm manager.

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The study was conducted in Belagavi district of Karnataka. A total of 120 respondents were selected randomly which includes 60 respondents from Gokak and Raibag taluks where production, productivity and area under turmeric was found maximum. The data collected from the respondents using structured interview schedule and was analyzed and tabulated using statistical tools like correlation and multiple regression analysis. The findings of the study revealed that, the variables landholding, annual income, risk orientation, farming experience, economic motivation and scientific orientation have significant relationship with the knowledge of turmeric growers at 5 percent level. The independent variables education, extension contact, extension participation, market orientation, achievement motivation and innovativeness have significant relationship with knowledge level of turmeric growers at 1 percent level. Whereas the other profile characteristic variables viz. age, deferred gratification, and social participation were found non-significant. It also revealed that extent of contribution of profile characteristics towards the knowledge about improved cultivation practices by turmeric growers indicated that all the selected independent variables put together contributed about 79.99 (with R value 0.7999) percent variation in the turmeric growers' knowledge about improved turmeric cultivation practices which was explained by fifteen independent variables. It was also noticed that out of fifteen independent variables only one variable is positive and significant at 5 percent level, six variables are found positive and significant at 1 percent level and eight variables are positive but non-significant contribution at either 5 or 1 percent.

An attempt was made in the present study to develop a standardized scale to analyses the livelihood security of farmers in Kolar district after the implementation of K.C. Valley project where sewage treated water is supplied from Bangalore is filling the tanks of Kolar district. The livelihood security scale consists of seven dimensions viz., food security, economic security, health security, social security, ecological security, psychological security and physical security and the scale was considered highly reliable and valid. The livelihood scale consists of 47 statements were administered to 32 farmers of Malur taluk during 2020-2021. It is found that farmers have been spread over better to average (69.45 %) level of livelihood category followed by poor livelihood category (30.55 %).