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Abstract-This paper deals with nonlinear plants subject to unknown parameters. A fuzzy model is first used to represent the plant. An equivalent switching plant model is then derived, which supports the design of a switching controller. It will be shown that the closed-loop system formed by the plant and the switching controller is a linear system. Hence, the system performance of the closed-loop system can be designed. An application example on controlling a two-inverted pendulum system on a cart will be given to illustrate the design procedure of the proposed switching controller.Index Terms-Nonlinear systems, switching controller, switching plant model, Takagi-Sugeno-Kang (TSK) fuzzy plant model.

Abstract-Economic load dispatch is one of the optimization problems in power systems. This paper presents an improved genetic algorithm for economic load dispatch with valve-point loadings. New crossover and mutation operations are introduced. The solutions of the economic load dispatch with valve-point loadings under three cases are solved by the improved genetic algorithm. Test results are,given and compared with those from different published genetic algorithms. It will be shown that the proposed improved genetic algorithm performs better than the published genetic algorithms.Index Terms-Economic load dispatch (ELD), genetic algorithm (CA).

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