Background: Pregnancy-related morbidity and mortality continue to have a serious impact on the lives of women all over the world. Women in sub-Saharan Africa accounted for nearly two-thirds of global maternal deaths. The World Health Organization recommends monitoring maternal near-miss provides better information regarding the quality of maternal health care, on which to base action to prevent further death. Accordingly, this study sought to assess the incidence-proportion of maternal near-miss and its risk factors. We have also seen the near-miss-to-mortality ratio and overall maternal mortality index. Methods: An institution-based prospective cross-sectional study was carried out from February 6, 2017 to March 6, 2017, using the WHO criteria for maternal near-misses at the three randomly selected public hospitals. About 845 participants were enrolled in the study with systematic random sampling techniques. WHO multi-country survey on maternal and neonatal health tool was used. Descriptive statistics and bivariate logistic regression analysis were done. Variables with p-value <0.2 in the bivariate analysis were transferred to multivariable analysis, and during multivariate logistic regression analysis, variables with P-value <0.05 were considered as statistically significant with 95% CI. Results: There were 5530 live births, 210 maternal near-misses, 17 maternal deaths, and 364 maternal near-miss events. The overall proportion of maternal near-miss is 24.85%. Besides, the ratio of maternal near-misses to maternal mortality was 12.35:1, and the overall mortality index was 7.48%. Parity, residence, a distance of maternal home from the hospital, ANC follow-up, duration of labor, and administration-related problems were found to have statistically significant associations. Conclusion: The incidence-proportion of maternal near-misses is relatively high when compared against the national target and to other regional studies. Besides, with all its limitations, the outcome indicators and outcome measures in this study seem to suggest optimum care is being given to mothers who suffered from life-threatening complications.

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Background: Episiotomy means simply a 2nd degree tear to enlarge outlet, for expulsion of the fetus with tolerable damage or injury. Historically, episiotomy has been an element of vaginal delivery, with the rationale of preventing extensive perennial tearing. Incidence varies according to parity, patient population, indication, and health care provider practicing obstetrics. Study findings showed that higher rate of episiotomy in Ethiopia.Objective: To assess the proportion of episiotomy performance and its associated factors in Axum town public health institutions 2015.Methods: Facility based cross-sectional study design was employed in three Public health institutions in Axum town, Tigray, Ethiopia 2015. Information was retrieved retrospectively from a total of 338 maternal charts that were selected using systematic random sampling technique. The data were collected using pre-tested and structured data extraction format. Using SPSS version 20 software, descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was done and during bivariate logistic regression analysis those variables at p-value <0.2 was transferred to multivariate logistic regression analysis and during Multivariate logistic regression analysis Variables at P-value <0.05 were considered as statistically significant and AOR with 95% CI was used to control for possible confounders and to interpret the result. The result is summarized using tables, graphs and charts for different variables.Results: Out of 338 deliveries the proportion of episiotomy was 140(41.44%).The odds of episiotomy practice were 1.8 times greater among primipara when compared with multiparous women [AOR=1. 89(1.08, 3.23)], 8.9 times greater among mothers whose labor were assisted by vacuum as compared to those who delivered by normal vaginal delivery [AOR=8.99(4.25, 19.03) ], 4.7 times greater among deliveries whose fetal presentation was face when compared with vertex presentations [AOR=4. 76(1.94, 11.67)]. Conclusion:The proportion of episiotomy practice is high. Parity, face presentation, mode of delivery, Birth Attendant and 1st minute Apgar score were significantly associated with practice of episiotomy.

Background: Reproductive health (RH) is defined as "A state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, in all matters related to the reproductive system and to its functions and process". It addresses the human sexuality and reproductive processes, functions and system at all stages of life and implies that people are able to have a responsible, satisfying and safe sex life and that they have the capability to reproduce and the freedom to decide if, when and how often to do so.