Phosphorus-containing polyprenoids play an important role in metabolic processes in living organisms (biosynthesis of glicosylaminoglycanes and glycoproteins, terpenes, and geraniol and nerol pyrophosphates) [134]. There are scarce data in the literature on phosphorus-containing isoprenoids with a P3C bond. Synthesis of such compounds is a challenging problem of natural chemistry, that consist of design of new types of phosphorylated 1,5-polyenes and polyterpenes as promising low-molecular bioregulators. Considering the complex structure of ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ natural polyisoprenylaldehydes, we made an attempt to develop methods of phosphorylation of such compounds on the basis of their low-molecular analogs. In the present work we showed that a representative of long-chain unsaturated aldehydes, citral I (a mixture of the E and Z isomers), can unidirectionally react with such normal phosphites as trimethyl phosphite in the presence of acetic acid under mild conditions to give a mixture of the E and Z isomers of dimethyl 1-hydroxy-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienylphosphonate (III) in high yield.

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Electrophilic addition reactions of O,O-dialkyldithiophosphoric acids to non-activated α-olefins proceeding in accordance with the Markovnikov's rule were studied. In the absence of a catalyst these reactions occur very slowly to give the products in low yields, while Lewis acid as a catalyst can greatly accelerate the reaction and increase the conversion in the Ad E -processes. A similar acceleration of the addition processes and an increase in the reaction product yield occur at the action of ultrasound on the reaction medium.