The annealing textures of a Fe-0.3%C-22%Mn TRIP steel and a Fe-0.6%C-22%Mn TWIP steel were experimentally determined. The results showed that these alloys have an almost identical texture after recrystallization. In general, the recrystallization textures showed low intensities and a dependency on annealing temperature. The samples annealed at high temperatures exhibited a random texture whereas samples annealed at lower temperature showed at least a weak texture. Due to the low SFE of the metals, we surmise that the nucleation at shear bands contributed to the randomization of the recrystallization texture. It was found that grains with Q orientation grow in volume by a factor of 30 compared to deformed state. A 3D cellular automaton was utilized for the simulation of recrystallization in order to study the impact of different nucleation mechanisms on annealing texture. The simulations showed that at least 70% of nucleation has to occur at shear bands to account for the observed randomization of the texture. In order to reproduce the weak texture of samples annealed at lower temperatures, 30% of the nuclei at shear bands needed to be either Q or Goss oriented. A more detailed analysis is necessary to also reproduce the minor texture components.

Prolonged occlusion of multiple microvessels causes microvascular injury. G protein-coupled receptor 124 (GPR124) has been reported to be required for maintaining central nervous system (CNS) angiogenesis and blood-brain barrier integrity. However, the molecular mechanisms by which GPR124 regulates pericytes during ischemia have remained elusive.Methods: A microsphere embolism-induced ischemia model was used to evaluate the expression of GPR124 following microsphere embolism. Immunocytochemistry and stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy imaging were used to assess the expression and distribution of GPR124 in human brain vascular pericytes (HBVPs) and after the treatment with 3-morpholino-sydnonimine (SIN-1) or oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). The effect of GPR124 knockdown or overexpression on HBVP migration was analyzed in vitro using wound healing assays and a microfluidic device. GPR124 loss-of-function studies were performed in HBVPs and HEK293 cells using CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene deletion. Time-lapse imaging was used to assess dynamic changes in the formation of filopodia in an individual cell. Finally, to explore the functional domains required for GPR124 activity, deletion mutants were constructed for each of the N-terminal domains.Results: GPR124 expression was increased in pericytes following microsphere embolism. Morphological analysis showed localization of GPR124 to focal adhesions where GPR124 bound directly to the actin binding protein vinculin and upregulated Cdc42. SIN-1 or OGD treatment redistributed GPR124 to the leading edges of HBVPs where GPR124 signaling was required for pericyte filopodia formation and directional migration. Partial deletion of GPR124 domains decreased SIN-1-induced filopodia formation and cell migration.Conclusion: Taken together, our results provide the first evidence for a role of GPR124 in pericyte migration under ischemic conditions and suggest that GPR124 was essential for Cdc42 activation and filopodia formation.

The effect of friction on evolution of the microstructure and texture during hot rolling in the ferrite region was studied with secondary electromicroscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometer, and FEM simulation. The friction between a roll and a steel sheet surface leads to the formation of notable through-thickness texture gradients. The finite element method (FEM) simulation shows that the large friction coefficient between a roll and sample results in a pronounced variation of _ " 13 (shear strain rate) and large e 13 /e 11 value which accounts for strong {110}<001> texture components and weak g-fiber components at rolled sheet surface; whereas the friction condition do not exert notable effect on texture formation at the sheet center.

The recrystallization behavior of 50% cold rolled Fe-22%Mn-0.376%C alloy during annealing at 560°C, 630°C and 700°C was investigated. Microhardness tests were applied for characterization of the recrystallization kinetics, X-ray diffraction and EBSD measurements were utilized to characterize the crystallographic texture and the grain microstructure. The obtained experimental data were evaluated in terms of the JMAK model. The obtained values of the Avrami exponent varied in the range between 0.70 and 1.37. The inhomogeneous grain microstructure after recrystallization is interpreted in terms of non-randomly distributed nuclei. Shear bands, lamellar lines intersecting with mechanical twins and grain boundaries with localized high misorientation gradients were identified to be preferential nucleation sites. No pronounced texture was observed after annealing at 630°C.

Due to the low efficiency of magnetic abrasive finishing and the difficulty in the making of magnetic abrasive grain, this article compares three different ways of its making, i.e. hot pressed sintering, spark plasma sintering (SPS) and ab-adhesive bonding sintering. SPS is found to have a higher cost, but it makes up the deficiency in magnetic abrasive grain made either by hot pressed sintering or by felt, with high abrasion resistance, processing efficiency and better processing performance.