The effects of temperature on electricity performance and microbial activity were investigated in single-chamber microbial fuel cell with proton exchange membrane (S-PEM-MFC) using glucose as substrate with phosphate buffer solution(PBS). The results showed that S-PEM-MFC able to adapt to a wide temperature range of 11, 18, 25, 30 and 35°C. The open circuit voltage, polarization, power density and microbial activity of S-PEM-MFC were increased with increasing temperature from 11 to 30°C. The maximum power density were 193.8mW∙m-3 at 30°C. Compared to 30°C, the battery open circuit voltage increased by only 4.8% at 35°C, while the polarization and power density is almost the same. These results demonstrate that according to the principle of economy which 30°C should be the optimal operating temperature of S-PEM-MFC.

Abstract.One superior iron and manganese bacteria were separated from the stable operation of porcelain granular BAF filters of removing iron, manganese and ammonia. The bacteria was domesticated at low temperature. By analyzing the sample water containing iron and manganese in the role of iron and manganese bacteria which was not domesticated and domesticated at different temperature, observing the Iron and manganese concentration with time going on, studying the bacteria’s removal of iron and manganese property and the domesticated effect. Studies show that: the selected bacteria with 1% bacterial liquid at proper temperature within 48h ,the removal rate of iron and manganese was 75% and 35% respectively;After domesticated at low temperature, the removal rate of the iron and manganese domesticated bacteria at 10°C was improved 0.4 and 2 times more than the before domesticated; The iron and manganese domesticated bacteria at 10°C did not grow at 4°C,but the bacteria’s removal rate was better than the bacteria cultured at 30°C,and the iron removal rate was improved from 23% to 35%,the manganese removal rate was improved from 5% to 11%.

With the development of Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) and Nano-electro-mechanical systems (NEMS), dimension of their parts is required to nanometer scale, and the characteristics of machined-surface of nano-scale parts affect strongly its application. Surface relaxation plays an important role to the characteristics of the machined-surface. In this paper, machined-surface of monocrystal copper used as the specimen of surface relaxation, and its surface relaxation process is simulated. The influences of surface relaxation on surface energy, atom array, surface roughness, surfaces hardness and surface residual stress of the monocrystal copper are analyzed. Results show that surface energy and surface hardness decrease due to relaxation; work-hardening can’t be completely eliminated by the relaxation; compression residual stress of the machined surface is changed gradually to tensile stress during the relaxation. These research results are very helpful to the application of nano-machined parts.