All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This study was approved by the institutional review board of the university hospital (IRB no. KMUHIRB-E(II)-20180282).

On the basis of the close anatomical interdigitation between the longitudinal-oriented frontalis muscle and the horizontal-oriented orbicularis oculi muscle (OOM), frontalis OOM (FOOM) flap was developed to treat blepharoptosis. Retrospective study during an 11-year period, 66 patients with 81 poor levator function ptotic eyelids accepted FOOM flap shortening (65 lids; 80.2%) or double-breasted FOOM flap advancement (16 lids; 19.8%) to correct blepharoptosis. There were 51 (77.3%) patients with unilateral ptosis and 15 (22.7%) patients with bilateral ptosis. Severity of blepharoptosis included severe type in 72 (88.9%) lids, moderate type in 5 (6.2%) lids, and mild type in 4 (4.9%) lids. The underlying etiology included congenital origin in 43 (65.1%) patients, involutional change in 19 (28.8%) patients, and neurologic origin in 4 (6.1%) patients. Marginal reflex distance 1 and lid slit distance improved from -1.6 (2.0) to 3.3 (1.2) and 3.2 (2.0) to 7.2 (1.4) mm, respectively, after operation. The postoperative outcome includes good results in 54 (81.8%) patients, fair results in 10 (15.2%) patients, and poor results in 2 (3.0%) patients. The undercorrection or recurrence rate is 14.8%, and secondary revision rate is 11.1%. Positive Hering law is 17.6% among patients with unilateral ptosis. Overall patients' satisfaction rate is 95.1%. Both FOOM flap shortening and double-breasted FOOM flap advancement are effective to treat poor levator function blepharoptosis. Double-breasted FOOM flap advancement is highly recommended because of the more natural contour and minimal lagophthalmos postoperatively, because of the maximal preservation of OOM.

The authors have indicated no significant interest with commercial supporters.

Diabetic wound care is a major health care concern. The major cause of non‐healing of wounds in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) patients mainly involves poor glycemic control, which hinders the migration of progenitor cells including mesenchymal stem cells to the wound site. In this study, we introduced adipose‐derived stromal cells (ADSCs) into wound sites and demonstrated that the local transplantation of ADSCs accelerated DM‐related wound healing. Furthermore, the migration ability of ADSCs, which diminishes in a high‐glucose environment, was partially restored by the exogenous replenishment of the cutaneous T‐cell attracting chemokine (CTACK/CCL27). Our findings suggest that CTACK is a potential novel therapeutic target in DM‐related wound healing.

The aim of this literature review is to examine Hering's law, a well-documented phenomenon in blepharoptosis patients, with 10% to 20% noted in cases of unilateral ptosis. Predominantly presenting as contralateral eyelid drop postoperatively, it poses a challenge for eyelid surgeons in the pursuit of symmetry and appropriate eyelid height. Proper preoperative evaluation is of utmost importance, consisting of one of either lifting test, covering test, or phenylephrine test. A deeper understanding of Hering's law further provides adequate information for optimal management of ptosis. In regard to ptosis etiology, congenital ptosis does not appear to have a distinct relation to positive Hering's law, commonly associated with a low incidence, when compared with acquired ptosis. Ptosis in the dominant eye seems to be related to a higher incidence of the phenomenon than ptosis in the nondominant eye, with statistical significance in studies ranging from P < 0.001 to P = 0.09. This can be explained as an innate response for increased innervation to regain the field of vision. Both ptosis severity and levator function appear to be of lesser importance than ptosis etiology, with minimal incidence of Hering's law in congenital ptosis regardless of these factors. It is, however, noted that ptosis severity has direct association with contralateral eyelid position in acquired ptosis, whereas there is a lack of studies for levator function. In the event of preoperative contralateral eyelid drop, surgeons should consider simultaneous surgery instead of delayed surgery for bilateral ptosis (P = 0.002). For unilateral ptosis, although reoperation is done per patient request, it may be more appropriate to first wait for roughly 2 weeks and reassess for self-regulation to a normal eyelid position.