Background: Low birth weight (LBW) is an important indicator of reproductive health and general health status of population. Objectives: The present study was aimed to estimate the prevalence of low birth weight (LBW), and to investigate the associations between some risk factors and LBW in Syrian refugee and Turkish population in Kilis, Turkey. Methods: The population of this study constituted of a total of 4379 infants born in Kilis State Hospital in 2016 using a retrospective cross-sectional study design. The data were collected from birth records. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of low birth weight. Factors with a p-value < 0.05 were deemed to be statistically significant. Results: The prevalence of LBW was 6.7% in all groups. Significant relationships were found between young maternal age, Syrian refugee mother, female infants, cesarean delivery and LBW. Conclusion: The prevalence of low birth weight in the study area was comparatively lower than that of countrywide figure. Maternal related variables like, maternal age, mother's nationality, and mode of birth (vaginal, cesarean) take after up as well as new-born related variables like gender of the neonate were significantly related with low birth weight. Keywords: Low birth weight; maternal; risk factors,; prevalence.

Background Assessing the inadequate transfer of passive immunity (ITPI) in beef calves is crucial because calves with ITPI are at high risk for morbidity and mortality. Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of digital Brix (D‐BRIX) and digital serum total protein (D‐STP) refractometers to estimate different passive immunity status in beef calves and to determine the robustness of thresholds. Methods Blood samples were collected from 202 (1‐7 days old) beef calves. Serum total solid percentages, total protein concentrations, and IgG concentrations were measured with the D‐BRIX refractometer, D‐STP refractometer, and gold standard radial immunodiffusion (RID) assay, respectively. Data were analyzed using diagnostic test accuracy, areas under the receiver operating characteristics curve, Cohen's kappa coefficient, and misclassification costs analysis to estimate IgG concentrations <10, <16, and <24 mg/mL. Results For the prediction of serum IgG concentrations <10, <16 and <24 mg/mL, the optimal cut‐off values were determined to be <8.5% (Se: 100.0% (95% CI: 87.9‐100.0); Sp: 94.2% [95% CI: 89.6‐97.2]), <8.5% (Se: 92.1% [95% CI: 78.6‐98.2]; Sp: 97.6% [95% CI: 93.9‐99.3]), and <10.1% (Se: 88.8% [95% CI: 79.7‐94.7]; Sp: 67.2% [95% CI: 58.1‐75.4]), respectively, for the D‐BRIX refractometer; and <5.2 g/dL (Se: 100.0% [95% CI: 87.9‐100.0]; Sp: 93.6% [95% CI: 88.9‐96.8]), <5.2 g/dL (Se: 92.1% [95% CI: 78.6‐98.2]; Sp: 97.0% [95% CI: 93.0‐99.0]), and <6.4 g/dL (Se: 87.5% [95% CI: 78.2‐93.8]; Sp: 69.7% [95% CI: 60.7‐77.7]), respectively, for the D‐STP refractometer. Conclusions The digital Brix and digital serum total protein refractometers can be used as monitoring tools for assessing passive immunity transfer in neonatal beef calves.

This study was aimed at determining the serum pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (PAG) profile of pregnant Awassi sheep during early gestation. A total of 122 Awassi ewes were used, which were in days 28-56 (28, 30, 32, 36, 42, 49, and 56) of gestation. Blood samples were taken via jugular venepuncture. Out of these animals, 104 ewes that had delivered (singleton lambs, n = 60; twin lambs, n = 44), according to lambing records, were selected for the assessment of serum PAG levels. The serum PAG level was measured using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit (IDEXX Bovine Pregnancy Test). Whereas serum PAG levels (mean ± standard error) on days 28, 30, 32, 36 and 42 of gestation were found to be similar (0.237 ± 0.031, 0.402 ± 0.067, 0.329 ± 0.036, 0.397 ± 0.075, and 0.409 ± 0.060, respectively), the levels measured on days 49 and 56 of gestation were significantly higher (0.712 ± 0.088 and 0.798 ± 0.115, respectively) (p < 0.05). The serum PAG levels of the twin-pregnant ewes on days 28, 30 and 42 of gestation were higher than those of the singlepregnant ewes (twin-pregnant ewes: 0.314, 0.648 and 0.594, respectively; single-pregnant ewes: 0.186, 0.258 and 0.308, respectively; p < 0.05). With a cut-off sample minus negative (S–N) value set at > 0.300, the sensitivity of serum PAG level-based pregnancy diagnosis was 51.95% between days 28 and 42 of gestation and 92.69% between days 49 and 56 of gestation. On the other hand, with a cut-off S–N value set at > 0.100, the sensitivity of the PAG ELISA test was 94.81% between days 28 and 42 of gestation and 100% between days 49 and 56 of gestation. In conclusion, the serum PAG levels of the pregnant Awassi sheep remained similar between days 28 and 42 of gestation, but progressively increased thereafter. The serum PAG levels of the twin-pregnant Awassi ewes were significantly higher than those of the single-pregnant sheep on days 28, 30 and 42 of gestation, but they were not different on days 32, 36, 49 and 56 of gestation.

2011 yılının Mart ayında Suriye'de başlayan iç savaş ile birlikte milyonlarca Suriyeli Türkiye'ye göç etmek zorunda kalmıştır. Zorunlu göç sürecine katılan Suriyeli gençler, yarım kalan eğitimlerini ülkemizde sürdürmektedirler. Günümüzde Türkiye üniversitelerinde eğitim gören Suriyeli öğrenci sayısı 20 bini geçmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi'nde (OKÜ) 2017-2018 eğitimöğretim yılında öğrenim gören Suriye uyruklu öğrencilerin aldıkları eğitime, sosyal ve kültürel ilişkilerine, ekonomik durumlarına ve geleceğe yönelik planlarına ilişkin görüşlerini belirlemek ve göç sürecinde yaşadıklarını değerlendirmektir. Bu amaçla likert tipi bir anket ölçeği geliştirilmiştir. Ayrıca öğrencilerin göç sürecini derinlemesine irdelemek için de görüşme formu geliştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın evrenini, OKÜ'de öğrenim gören Suriyeli öğrenciler oluşturmaktadır. OKÜ'de kayıtlı toplam 196 Suriyeli öğrenciden 105'i araştırma kapsamına dahil edilmiştir. Anket, gönüllük esası dikkate alındığı için 90 öğrenciye uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen bulguları karşılaştırmak amacıyla anket çalışmasına ek olarak 15 öğrenciyle derinlemesine görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Anketten elde edilen nicel veriler SPSS programı aracılığı ile işlenmiş, görüşme formları da dikkate alınarak veri analizi yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonucu Suriyeli öğrencilerin; Türkçeyi öğrenmede zorluk yaşadıkları, psikolojilerinin savaştan derinden etkilendiği, bir kısmının maddi sıkıntı içinde olduğu, bir kısmının okul saatleri dışında part-time işlerde çalıştığı, çoğunun savaş bittikten sonra ülkelerine dönmek istediği belirlenmiştir. Eğitim sürecinde dil ile ilgili yaşanan problemlerin çözümü için yerel öğrenci gruplarıyla Suriyeli öğrenci grupları arasında sosyal-kültürel faaliyetler arttırılmalıdır. Suriyeli öğrencilerin eğitim süreci iyileştirilmeli ve geliştirilmeli, Türkiye toplumuna adapte olmalarını hızlandıracak sosyal uyum projeleri geliştirilmeli bu projelere yerel yönetim, üniversite ve STK'lar tarafından destek verilmelidir.

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