Global environmental changes, nuclear power risks, losses in the electricity grid, and rising energy costs are increasing the desire to rely on more renewable energy for electricity generation. Recently, most people prefer to live and work in smart places like smart cities and smart universities which integrating smart grid systems. The large part of these smart grid systems is based on hybrid energy sources which make the energy management a challenging task. Thus, the design of an intelligent energy management controller is required. The present paper proposes an intelligent energy management controller based on combined fuzzy logic and fractional-order proportional-integral-derivative (FO-PID) controller methods for a smart DC-microgrid. The hybrid energy sources integrated into the DC-microgrid are constituted by a battery bank, wind energy, and photovoltaic (PV) energy source. The source-side converters (SSCs) are controller by the new intelligent fractional order PID strategy to extract the maximum power from the renewable energy sources (wind and PV) and improve the power quality supplied to the DC-microgrid. To make the microgrid as cost-effective, the (wind and PV) energy sources are prioritized. The proposed controller ensures smooth output power and service continuity. Simulation results of the proposed control schema under Matlab/Simulink are presented and compared with the super twisting fractional-order controller.

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In the recent years the development in communication systems requires the development of low cost, minimal weight and low profile antennas that are capable of maintaining high performance over a wide spectrum of frequencies. This technological trend has focused much effort into the design of a microstrip patch antenna. The objective of this paper is to design, and fabricate an inset fed rectangular microstrip patch antenna. Therefore, a novel particle swarm optimization method based on IE3D was used to design an inset feed linearly polarized rectangular microstrip patch antenna with four element array. The length of the antenna is nearly half wavelength in the dielectric; it’s a very critical parameter, which governs the resonant frequency of the antenna. In view of design, selection of the patch width and length are the major parameters along with the feed line depth. Desired patch antenna design was simulated by IE3D simulator program. Initially we set our antenna as a single patch and after evaluating the outcomes of antenna features, operation frequency, radiation patterns, reflected loss, efficiency and antenna gain, and then we transformed it to a 2x1 linear array. Then we analyzed the 4x1 linear antenna array to increase directivity, gain, efficiency, and have better radiation patterns.