Integrin β1 subunit and its downstream molecule integrin-linked kinase and focal adhesion kinase have been confirmed to be essential to cell survival and inhibition of apoptosis and hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced injuries in cardiomyocytes. However, it is still unclear whether CrkL [v-crk avian sarcoma virus CT-10 oncogene homolog (Crk)-like], which acts also as a component of the integrin pathway, could also affect H/R-induced injuries in the cardiomyocytes. The rat-derived H9C2 cardiomyocytes were infected with a CrkL small hairpin RNA interference recombinant lentivirus, which knockdowns the endogenous CrkL expression in the cardiomyocytes. Apoptosis, cell proliferation and survival were examined in the H9C2 cardiomyocytes treated with either H/R or not. Results showed that knockdown of CrkL could significantly increase apoptosis and inhibition of the cell proliferation and survival and deteriorate the previously mentioned injuries induced by H/R. In contrast, overexpression of human CrkL could relieve the exacerbation of the previously mentioned injuries induced by CrkL knockdown in the H9C2 cardiomyocytes via regulation of Bax and extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (p-ERK1/2). In conclusion, these results confirmed that knockdown of CrkL could deteriorate H/R-induced apoptosis and cell survival inhibition in rat-derived H9C2 cardiomyocytes via Bax and downregulation of p-ERK1/2. It implies that CrkL could mitigate H/R-induced injuries in the cardiomyocytes.

Experimental studies have shown that overexpression of Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 (C3G) plays pro-survival and anti-apoptotic roles through molecule phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (p-ERK1/2) in cardiomyocytes. However, it is still unclear if silencing of C3G may increase cell survival inhibition and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes, and whether C3G silence induced injuries are reduced by the overexpression of C3G through regulation of p-ERK1/2 and pro-apoptotic molecule Bax. In this study, the rat-derived H9C2 cardiomyocytes were infected with C3G small hairpin RNA interference recombinant lentiviruses, which silenced the endogenous C3G expression in the cardiomyocytes. Then, contrary experiments were conducted using C3G overexpression. The cell proliferation and apoptosis were analyzed in the cardiomyocytes which were treated with or without hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). Silencing of C3G leaded to significant increase in cell survival inhibition and apoptosis, combined with aggravated the injuries induced by H/R. Overexpression of C3G reduced the injuries induced by the silencing of C3G in the cardiomyocytes via regulation of p-ERK1/2 and Bax. In conclusion, our results provide new experimental evidence that silencing of C3G can increase cell survival inhibition and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes via regulation of p-ERK1/2 and Bax.

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Objectives: To investigate the clinical correlation between the expression of serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) as well as cognitive impairment and disease burden in patients with first-episode schizophrenia. Methods: A total of 102 patients with first-episode schizophrenia admitted to the Department of Psychiatry, Hainan Province Anning Hospital from June 2018 to June 2020 were randomly selected as the observation group, and 102 healthy people who underwent physical examination in our hospital during the same period were selected as the control group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the expression level of serum TNF-α in each group, and the colorimetric method was adopted for detecting the expression level of serum iNOS in each group; Moreover, cognitive function of patients was assessed by MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB), disease burden was assessed by Family Burden of Disease Scale (FBS), and the correlation between the expression of serum TNF-α and iNOS as well as cognitive impairment and disease burden was analyzed by Pearson method. Results: The serum levels of TNF-α, iNOS, trail making test scores and FBS scores of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group (p<0.05), while the scores of symbolic coding, verbal memory, maze, visual memory, and semantic fluency were significantly lower than those of the control group (p<0.05); Pearson correlation analysis results showed that the serum levels of serum TNF-α and iNOS in the observation group were positively correlated with the trail making test and FBS scores respectively (p<0.05), and negatively correlated with the scores of symbolic coding, verbal memory, maze, visual memory, and semantic fluency (p<0.05). Conclusions: Patients with first-episode schizophrenia have remarkably increased expression levels of serum TNF-α and iNOS, which is associated with cognitive impairment and disease burden. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.7.5326 How to cite this:Peng S, Liang C, Deng S, Fu Y. Study on the clinical correlation between the expression of serum TNF-α and iNOS as well as cognitive impairment and disease burden in patients with schizophrenia. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(7):---------.  doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.7.5326 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

The article introduced the system structure and imaging principle of no three-dimensional imaging laser radar. This paper used the XC7K325T XILINX chip of KINTEX 7 series and used temporal interpolation method to measure distance.Rough side used PLL multiplier 400MHZ, which reached 2.5ns time accuracy. This method used a thin chip delay chains carry resources to reach 50ps accuracy and greatly improved the accuracy of the timing of imaging.Application technique used a delay line in APD array imaging system, such that each channel distance accuracy greatly improved. Echo signal by photoelectric conversion is completed by APD array detector, and designed by the impedance amplifier and other analog signal processing circuit. FPGA signal processing circuit is to complete the back-end processing, which is the timing function. FPGA array timer clock is to achieve coarse portion through timing, and delay line technique for measuring the length of time a non-integer multiple of the period of the laser pulse emission and the moment of reception, each stage of the delay units delay accuracy of sub ns magnitude, so as to achieve precision measuring part timers. With the above device was close imaging experiments, obtaining the 5 × 5 pixel imaging test results, presented to further improve system accuracy improved method.