Similar to other countries, the proportion of elderly citizens in Taiwan living with their children is declining, due to a reduced intention and ability to take care of elderly parents. The social life of elderly people is a dynamic continuum, in which their social support is correlated with social networks and social participation. Longitudinal data were used for latent growth curve modeling to estimate changes in social support for the subjects over time. The findings will be presented, followed by a discussion. The last part of the article will provide recommendations for service, research, and limitations of the study.

In the process of issuing and using local government debt, local officials may be corrupted by self-interest into inappropriately increasing the bond supply, leading to excessive expansion of local government debt and an increase in debt risk. Adopting the perspective of government investment efficiency, this paper employs a piecemeal causal steps approach to analyze the influence of local official corruption on local government debt. The results from panel data on 30 provinces in China show that the local official corruption triggers the expansion of local government debt. A mediation analysis reveals that the effect operates by impairing government investment efficiency. An analysis of regional heterogeneity further shows that the impact is weaker or even disappears in developed in comparison to underdeveloped regions, which further indicates that the anti-corruption campaign supports local government debt management, especially in developed regions. This paper not only explains the relationship between local official corruption and local government debt, but also provides new ideas for local government debt management.