Even if people live in an arid desert, they know that plenty of water exists in the air they breathe. However, the reality tells us the atmospheric water cannot help to slake the world's thirst. Thus an important question occurs: what are the fundamental limits of atmospheric water harvesting that can be achieved in typical arid and semi-arid areas? Here, through a thorough review on the present advances of atmospheric water-harvesting technologies, we identify the achievements that have been acquired and evaluate the challenges and barriers that retard their applications. Lastly, we clarify our perspectives on how to search for a simple, scalable, yet cost-effective way to produce atmospheric water for the community and forecast the application of atmospheric water harvesting in evaporative cooling, such as electronic cooling, power plant cooling, and passive building cooling.

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