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An original ultrasound (US) directly intensified photocatalytic reactor was designed to degrade azo dye pollutant methyl orange (MeO) using Degussa TiO(2) as the photocatalyst. The sonolytic, photocatalytic and sonophotocatalytic degradation of MeO in the new reactor and the synergistic effect between sonolysis and photocatalysis were investigated. Effects of operation parameters i.e., US power, TiO(2) dosage, liquid circulation velocity and air flow rate on degradation efficiency were investigated and optimized. The results showed that all parameters have optimal values for the sonophotocatalytic degradation of MeO, and the optimum conditions for the new process are US power 600 W, TiO(2) dosage 3g/L, liquid circulation velocity 4.05×10(-2) m/s and air flow rate 0.2 L/min. Under the optimum conditions, 91.52% MeO had been degraded within 1h, and the combination of sonolysis and TiO(2) photocatalysis exhibited an obvious synergetic effect.

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By use of dual atomic absorption lines with a two-element hollow cathode lamp, a simple method was developed for air/acetylene flame temperature measurement. The results are comparable to literature values with a peak temperature at about 2400 K. The spatial temperature variation of a fuel-rich flame was investigated, and it was found that the tendency for variation conformed to the flame combustion process. The proposed method was compared to the traditional dual-line atomic absorption method of indium and showed a similar tendency of temperature variation. The proposed instrumental setup is simple, which uses a Cu/Fe two-element hollow cathode lamp, a handheld charge coupled device detector, an optical fiber and a computer. Due to its simplicity, non-contact and portability, this technique is promising for flame temperature characterization of various kinds of flames or electrothermal atomizers.