The Java Island is an active volcanic arc that experiences several volcanism episodes, which gradually changes from South to North from the Late Oligocene to Pleistocene, following the subduction of the Australian plates underneath the Eurasian plates. During the Eocene, the southern and northern part of Java was connected as one passive margin system with the sediment supply mainly comes from Sundaland in the north.  The compressional tectonics creates a flexural margin and a deep depression in the central axis of Java Island and acts as an ultimate deep-sea depocenter in the Neogene period. In contrast to the neighboring Northwest and Northeast Java Basins in the Northern edges of Java Island, the basin configuration in the East-West trending depression in median ranges of Java (from Bogor to Kendeng Troughs) are visually undetected by seismic due to the immense Quaternary volcanic eruption covers.Five focused window areas are selected for this study. A total of 1,893 Km sections, 584 rock samples, 1569 gravity and magnetic data, and 29 geochemical samples (rocks, oil, and gas samples) were acquired during the study. Geological fieldwork was focused on the stratigraphic unit composition and the observable features of deformation products from the outcrops. Due to the Paleogene deposit exposure scarcity in the Central-East Java area, the rock samples were also collected from the mud volcano ejected materials in the Sangiran Dome.The distinct subsurface configuration differences between Bogor and Kendeng Troughs are mainly in the tectonic basement involvement and the effect of the shortening on the formerly rift basin. Both Bogor and Kendeng Troughs are active petroleum systems that generate type II /III Kerogen typical of reduction zone organic material derived from transition to the shallow marine environment. The result suggests that these basins are secular from the neighboring basins with a native petroleum system specific to the palaeogeographical condition during the Paleogene to Neogene periods where the North Java systems (e.g., Northwest and Northeast Java Basin) was characterized by oxidized terrigenous type III Kerogen.

A suite of oil seep samples collected from the Lariang and Karama Basins, West Sulawesi, Indonesia, have been analyzed using GC and GCMS techniques. Their biomarker compositions have been used to reveal the likely source rock that produces oil. These oil seep samples contain a range in both the concentration of hydrocarbons present and certain level of biodegradation experienced. All sterane m/z 217 data display a familiar pattern of steranes with carbon numbers from 27 to 29 together with pregnane and homo-pregnanes, including rearranged steranes. Triterpane (m/z 191) data show a moderate content of tricyclic terpanes (Tri/C 30 H), medium to high ratio of norhopane/hopane (C 29 /C 30), and medium to high abundant land plan marker such as resin bicadinanes(Bic/C 30 H) and oleananes (Ol/ C 30 H). The presence of high abundant oleananes in these samples has been interpreted as the evidence for a marine influence during early diagenesis that may occur by marine or via re-deposition of peat organics in marine sediments. Hence, these results state that the organic matter facies for their source rock oil seep samples from the West Sulawesi region are detected as mixed between allochthonous macerals from typical terrestrial higher plants transported into the basin from distal swamps and soils and some marine organic matter.

Resiko geologi adalah resiko yang terjadi akibat terjadinya proses geologi, atau disebut bencana geologi, seperti gempa bumi, longsoran, banjir, dan erupsi gunung api. Bencana ini dapat melanda permukaan bumi dan mengakibatkan efek kerugian yang tidak kecil, mulai dari lingkungan, aktivitas masyarakat di daerah tersebut, maupun dampak terhadap masyarakat itu sendiri. Saat ini Indonesia sedang beruntun dilanda bencana geologi, seperti tanah longsor, banjir, gempa bumi, erupsi gunung api, dan tsunami. Data statistik menunjukkan adanya peningkatan terjadinya bencana tersebut. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan suatu pemahaman usaha mitigasi bencana, baik sebelum, sedang terjadi atau sesudah terjadinya bencana, termasuk pengetahuan mengenai proses yang menyebabkan terjadinya bencana geologi tersebut. Fokus kegiatan PkM adalah memberikan sosialisasi mengenai kondisi geologi dan potensi bencana geologi yang dapat terjadi di wilayah Ciracas-Jagakarsa-Pamulang, serta usaha mitigasi penanggulangan bencana yang dibutuhkan. Sosialisasi diberikan kepada siswa dan guru SMP Al-Azhar 19 Cibubur, Jakarta Timur. Penyampaian kegiatan sosialisasi dilakukan secara virtual menggunakan aplikasi zoom meeting dan ditindaklanjuti dengan melakukan verifikasi ke lapangan untuk mengidentifikasi potensi bencana di daerah ini. Pelaksanaan program ini telah meningkatkan pengetahuan peserta PkM dalam mengetahui jenis bencana dan mitigasi yang tepat untuk setiap bencana geologi yang berpotensi terjadi di daerah penyelenggaraan PkM.

Borehole K-1 is an exploratory well that was drilled in the North Makassar Basin (West Sulawesi) in 2011. Gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass chromatography (GC-MS) analyses have been conducted on extracts from well cuttings from the Paleogene to Neogene interval in order to investigate the characteristics of biomarkers present. Although the well was drilled with oil-based mud and gas chromatographic analysis reveals that the alkane fractions are heavily contaminated, detailed investigation of biomarkers in these rock extracts and comparison with biomarkers in the oil-based mud has revealed that, while there are hopane and sterane biomarkers in the mud, there are also a discrete set of biomarkers that are indigenous to the rocks. These include oleanane, bicadinanes, taraxastane and other higher-plant-derived triterpanes. The presence of these compounds in environments that range from bathyal to marginal marine and even to lacustrine, shows the extent of reworking of terrestrial material into aquatic settings in this region during the Paleogene and Neogene and provides further evidence of a predominance of terrestrial material, even in deep-marine settings, with little ‘in-situ’ material noted. These findings have important implications for the use of biomarkers as indicators of palaeoenvironment in both source rocks and oils.

The term "electrofacies" was introduced in 1980 by Serra and Abbott, it had been developed promptly since 2009. The development was triggered predominantly by wireline logging technology and artificial intelligence technology. The electrofacies categorization  was intended to facilitate the study of reservoir characterization. However, it is difficult to formulate deterministically, due to the uniqueness of the depositional environment and geological processes that involve many physical properties. At least, there are 369 articles which were obtained from Scopus sources in the period of 1980 - 2021. In this bibliometric analysis, we regrouped the articles into four groups, i.e. “pattern recognition” “facies analysis”, “objectives” and “quality”. This grouping was attained on the methods of co-occurences, co-authorship, citation analysis and bibliographic coupling using VOSviewer software. The distance and coupling between themes will determine the level of quality and quantity of discussion between them. The quality of the objective resides in the certainty value of the lithology controlled by transportation or diagenetic events. For example, sand and shale which are siliciclastic lithology will have a higher degree of certainty than carbonate rocks. Therefore, the wide gap occurred during the application of artificial intelligence, especially for complex facies and uncertain geological conditions. The application of artificial intelligence is not solely functional without involving geological analysis. The implication is some researchs are still needed from this point of view, so the electrofacies role cannot be independent without developing models of the diagenetic process.